Which substances are regulated by the Kyoto Protocol?
I. argon
II. carbon dioxide
III. nitrogen
IV. nitrous oxide
V. sulfur hexafluoride
A. I, II, and III only
B. I and III only
C. II, IV, and V only
D. II and V only
Balance this equation P4 + Cl2 → PCl5 with the smallest whole number coefficients.
Choose the answer that is the sum of the coefficients.Do not forget coefficients of
“one”.
A. 7
B. 9
C. 11
D. 13
E. 15
A NiCd battery uses nickel and cadmium to produce a potential difference. Using these
equations, answer the following questions.
I. 2NiO(OH) (s) + 2H2O (l) + 2 e– → 2Ni(OH)2(s) + 2 OH (aq)
II. Cd (s) + 2OH (aq) → Cd(OH)2 (s) + 2e
III. Cd (s) + 2NiO(OH) (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2 Ni(OH)2(s) + Cd(OH)2(s)
Which equation represents what takes place at the anode?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I and II
Ethanol (C2H6O) is a common intoxicant and fuel produced from the fermentation of
various grains. How many moles of ethanol are represented by 50.0 kg of ethanol?
A. 1.09 x 103 mol
B. 46.1 mol
C. 9.00 mol
D. 1.09 mol
What do the “Big Six” polymers have in common?
A. They all are formed by addition polymerization.
B. They all are formed by condensation polymerization.
C. They all are thermoplastics (can be melted and shaped).
D. They all contain branched chains.
Every year about 100 billion pounds of plastic are produced in the United States (over
350 pounds for every woman, man, and child). What strategies may be employed to
reduce the amount of plastics going into landfills?
A. incineration
B. biodegradation
C. recycling
D. All of these choices are correct.
Which is a fossil fuel?
A. wood
B. uranium
C. ethanol
D. natural gas
Calculate the percentage, by mass, of fluorine in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a potent
greenhouse gas.
A. 22.0%
B. 59.2%
C. 78.0%
D. 82.1%
Batteries must be used in addition to solar cells when generating household electricity
because
A. solar cells can generate electricity only via the output of a battery.
B. solar cells can generate only a small fraction of the total energy needed by a
household at any one time.
C. solar cells generate so much electricity that they will overheat if they cannot transfer
the excess electricity somewhere to dissipate the extra heat.
D. batteries must store and then supply the energy when sunlight is not available.
The distance between base pairs in DNA is 0.34 nm. How many base pairs are there in a
chromosome that is 12.0 cm long? (Note: 109 nm = 1 m)
A. 2.8 107
B. 3.5 1010
C. 3.5 108
D. 3.5 109
Identify the base sequence that is complementary to the following DNA sequence:
TTAAGGCC
A. AATTCCGG
B. GGCCAATT
C. AATTGGCC
D. TTAACCGG
In which example is the entropy of the initial state greater than the entropy of the final
state?
A. A building collapses during an earthquake.
B. A lump of sugar dissolves in a cup of warm water.
C. Liquid water freezes into ice.
D. Liquid water evaporates.
Sulfur oxides have been implicated as important contributors to the problem of acid
rain. What is the principal anthropogenic source of these compounds?
A. transportation
B. coal fired power plants
C. lightning
D. volcanoes
The process by which a solution is heated to its boiling point and the vapors are
condensed and collected is known as
A. combustion.
B. cracking.
C. crystallization.
D. distillation.
What energy change is associated with the reaction to obtain one mole of H2 from one
mole of water vapor? The balanced equation is 2 H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) and the
relevant bond energies are: H H = 436 kJ/mol; H O = 467 kJ/mol; O O = 146
kJ/mol; O O = 498 kJ/mol.
A. -249 kJ
B. +249 kJ
C. -436 kJ
D. +436 kJ
Which substance has the highest pH?
A. orange juice
B. rain
C. a sulfuric acid solution
D. a lye solution
Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______, but different numbers of
______.
A. electrons; protons
B. protons; neutrons
C. neutrons; protons
D. protons; electrons
What are the three types of units that must be present in a deoxyribonucleotide used in
forming DNA?
I. base
II. deoxyribose
III. ribose
IV. phosphate
V. water
A. I, II, and V
B. I, II, and IV
C. I, III, and V
D. I, III, and IV
Which is a common characteristic of both nuclear and conventional electric power
plants?
A. smoke stacks
B. fuel rods
C. control rods
D. stream turbines
Which of the following are ways that aerosols mayaffect climate?
A. Scattering incoming radiation
B. Nucleation ofclouds
C. Absorbing incoming radiation
D. All of the above
When dissolved in water, hydrogen bromide (HBr) forms hydrobromic acid. Determine
the hydroxide ion concentration in a 4,500 mL solution containing 3.78 g hydrogen
bromide; Kw = 1.00 1014.
A. [OH] = 9.63 1013 M
B. [OH] = 2.14 1013 M
C. [OH] = 4.67 102 M
D. [OH] = 0.0104 M
Predict the products of the chemical equation: 3 LiOH + H3PO4 →
A. 3 LiH + (OH)3PO4
B. 3 H + 3 O2 + H3Li3
C. Li3PO4 + 3 H2O
D. Li3P + 2 H2O + H3O5
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. If you started with 100.0 g of carbon-14, how
much would remain after 4 half-lives?
A. 25.0 g
B. 12.5 g
C. 6.25 g
D. 57.3 g
Incineration of plastics can be used to generate energy. One of the “Big Six” plastics
releases hydrochloric acid, HCl, when incinerated. Which one?
A. LDPE
B. PVC
C. PET
D. PS
This symbol is an example of the coding symbols found on packaging materials.
These symbols let consumers know
A. how the plastic was made.
B. how to recycle the package.
C. if the plastic is dangerous.
D. the intended use of the material.
A calorie is defined as exactly 4.184 J. Therefore 1.000 Cal is exactly
A. 41.84 J.
B. 418.4 J.
C. 1000 J.
D. 4184 J.
Which synthetic polymer is a copolymer?
A. PVC
B. PS
C. HDPE
D. PET
Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 1.2 g of potassium hydroxide
(KOH) in 1,250 mL of water.
A. 0.017
B. 1.77
C. 9.22
D. 12.23
In the year 2000, which two energy sources contributed almost equally to our total
energy usage?
A. coal and natural gas
B. petroleum and natural gas
C. petroleum and nuclear electric power
D. coal and nuclear electric power
A polymer is a large molecule
A. made up of long chains of atoms held together by hydrogen bonds.
B. made up of long chains of atoms covalently bonded together.
C. made up of a large lattice structure held together by ionic bonds.
D. always made up of identical monomer units.
Which is not a form of chlorine used to disinfect water?
A. chlorine gas
B. chloroform
C. sodium hypochlorite
D. calcium hypochlorite
The structure of ozone most closely resembles a
A. linear molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds, for example, .
B. linear molecule with the same length of chemical bonds, for example, .
C. bent molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds, for example, .
D. bent molecule with the same length of chemical bonds, for example, .