1) Why is it hard to know whether exposure to messages about drinking and smoking
actually change adolescents’ behaviors?
A.Adolescents are not exposed to the mass media as blank slates.
B.When adolescents are exposed to the mass media, they bring preexisting values,
beliefs, and expectations to the experience of watching or listening to mass media.
C.Preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations influence what adolescents perceive,
what they pay attention to, and what they remember.
D.All of these statements are true.
2) According to the textbook, many writers have suggested that an adolescent’s desire
for autonomy may actually have an evolutionary basis, which reflects:
A.adolescents’ competiveness with their same-sex parent.
B.an individual’s desire to live in an environment with the least amount of competition
for key resources.
C.an individual’s desire to increase his or her opportunity to find a non-familial mate to
reproduce with.
D.a genetically based desire to distance oneself from close relatives.
3) Which of the following classroom climates is not related to increased student
achievement?
A.classroom climates that promote competition between students
B.classroom climates that promote cooperation between students
C.classrooms that are more orderly and disciplined
D.classrooms that combine a moderate degree of structure with high student
involvement
4) All of the following are aspects of metacognition, except:
A.conserving mental resources
B.thinking about thinking
C.appraising comprehension
D.managing thinking
5) Alice has a substance abuse problem. Which of the following problems is she also
likely to have?
A.internalizing disorder
B.externalizing disorder
C.internalizing and externalizing disorders are both likely to accompany substance use
problems
D.None of the above.
6) The gaps in achievement between Black and Hispanic students, on the one hand, and
White and Asian students, on the other hand, _____.
A.has decreased and is almost nonexistent
B.remains very wide
C.is all based on stereotypes
D.exists in math but not in reading proficiency
7) Justin, a 16-year-old, has a substance-abuse problem. According to a research study
presented in the textbook, to whom is he most likely to turn for help?
A.his teacher
B.his friends
C.his parents
D.his siblings
8) Which boy is most likely to commit an act of lethal violence?
A.Mitchell, who has mental health problems
B.Miguel, who has easy access to guns
C.Martin, who has recently dropped out of school
D.Researchers have not identified a reliable mechanism for identifying which students
will commit a lethal crime.
9) Between middle and late adolescence, individuals become:
A.more likely to consider both the risks and benefits associated with a decision.
B.more likely to weigh the long-term consequences of their choices.
C.more likely to control their impulses.
D.All of the above are true.
10) Which of the following is described by the textbook as being a “double-edged
sword” (at least for girls)?
A.emotional mimicry
B.self-disclosure
C.internal working models
D.co-rumination
11) At which of the following ages would you expect susceptibility to peer pressure,
especially for delinquent behaviors, to be the greatest?
A.8 years
B.11 years
C.14 years
D.19 years
12) Initiation ceremonies for young women in traditional societies most often coincide
with:
A.marriage.
B.menarche.
C.scarification.
D.the completion of formal schooling.
13) Who is the most likely to be a victim of a crime such as theft, robbery, rape, and
assault?
A.Jeffrey, a Black adolescent living in the suburbs
B.Rose, an adult White woman living in a large city
C.Elaine, a White adolescent living in a rural area
D.Mitch, a Hispanic adolescent living in the inner city
14) Critics of Kohlberg’s theory have asserted that reasoning about hypothetical moral
problems in an advanced way is not the same as behaving morally. Furthermore, critics
have also argued that reasoning about hypothetical life-and-death situations does not
tell us very much about the ways people reason in day-to-day problems. What has
recent research studies addressing these concerns found?
A.These critics are correct in noting that there is little relationship between moral
reasoning and moral behavior.
B.Research has indicated that people reason about life-and-death dilemmas in ways that
parallel their reasoning about moral dilemmas they encounter in their daily lives. Also,
in general, an individual’s moral reasoning is indeed related to an individual’s moral
behavior.
C.People who reason at higher stages of moral thought are more tolerant of others’
misbehavior; however, the way people reasoning about abstract, hypothetical situations
is not related to the ways that people actually behave in real life day-to-day problems.
D.Research has indicated that people who reason at higher stages do not necessarily
behave in more moral ways; however, the reasoning behind life-and-death dilemmas is
absolutely the same as the reasoning behind the problems that people encounter in
everyday life.
15) What is a policy that focuses on policies designed to improve achievement by
holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by
achievement tests?
A.tracking
B.standards-based reform
C.zero tolerance
D.school vouchers