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Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?
A) chicken pox
B) multiple sclerosis
C) cardiovascular disease
D) rheumatoid arthritis
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment
to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their
experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different
diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid
that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times
and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the
experiment are shown in the following table.
Which statement best summarizes the results of the experiment?
A) The larger the tube diameter, the greater the flow volume.
B) The larger the tube diameter, the smaller the flow volume.
C) The tube diameter shows no clear relationship to flow volume.
D) The flow rate through the largest tube is approximately twice that through the
smallest tube.
How are genes used by cells to build proteins?
A) The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a
protein.
B) The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule, which is used to build a
protein.
C) DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence.
D) The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly.
Which of the following statements about plant hormones istrue?
A) Plant hormones are produced in very small concentrations.
B) Plant hormones mainly affect reproductive processes.
C) Individual hormones typically have single, specific effects.
D) Plant hormones play a vital role in photosynthesis.
Which of the following STDs is caused by a virus that can also cause cancer?
A) genital warts
B) syphilis
C) gonorrhea
D) candidiasis
A diabetic, who does not utilize insulin properly, will metabolize fats instead of glucose.
A condition called diabetic ketoacidosis is a common result of excessive fat
metabolism, causing blood pH values of 7.1 or less (normal range is 7.35-7.45). What
has happened to the blood pH and why?
A) The pH is above normal (basic) because the ketones are too basic.
B) The pH is below normal (acidic) because the buffering capacity was exceeded.
C) The pH is not affected because the blood buffers can absorb the excess H+.
D) The pH is below normal because buffers can donate OH+.
The American brook lamprey is a freshwater lamprey that lives in streams. Lampreys
move streambed stones to make a nest in which to lay their eggs. Which defining
feature of the lamprey might enable it to move these stones?
A) slime
B) head with a skull
C) notochord
D) oral disk
In the North Pacific Ocean, two groups of the same species of killer whales (Orcinus
orca) appear to be forming two different species based on what they eat. One group eats
fish and the other eats mammals such as seals. Scientists can tell what they eat based on
their teeth, because whales that feed on fish have significantly different wear patterns.
Which of the following describes the type of speciation event that is occurring in these
whales?
A) sympatric speciation
B) allopatric speciation
C) geographic speciation
D) polyploid speciation
Multiple origins of replication on the DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells serve to
A) remove errors in DNA replication.
B) create multiple copies of the DNA molecule at the same time.
C) shorten the time necessary for DNA replication.
D) assure the correct orientation of the two strands in the newly growing double helix.
Which of the following glands is/are located nearest the kidneys?
A) ovaries
B) pancreas
C) pineal glands
D) adrenal glands
Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.
A) hot spot
B) exotic
C) keystone
D) endemic
The ________ suggests that speciation occurs in brief spurts.
A) adaptive model of the origin of species
B) allopatric speciation model
C) gradual model of the origin of species
D) punctuated equilibrium model
Which step in this process requires use of restriction enzymes?
A) step A
B) step B
C) step C
D) step D
Most adult insects have three major body parts or sections. They are the
A) head, body, and legs.
B) head, thorax, and abdomen.
C) antennae, head, and abdomen.
D) legs, wings, and body.
Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?
A) amino acid
B) fat
C) sugar
D) vinegar
Which of the following thinkers argued that much of human suffering was the result of
human populations increasing faster than food supply, an argument that later influenced
Charles Darwin's ideas of natural selection?
A) Charles Lyell
B) Thomas Malthus
C) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
D) Gregor Mendel
Which of the following organisms is a monotreme?
A) echidna
B) kangaroo
C) whale
D) zebra
Most plants have a variety of chemicals, spines, and thorns because the plants
A) cannot run away from herbivores.
B) feed on the organisms that try to eat them.
C) are camouflaged into their surroundings.
D) must rely on photosynthesis for food.
If the auxin that is produced by an apical meristem is transported in equal amounts
down all sides of a twig, the twig will probably
A) elongate evenly.
B) branch near its tip.
C) flower.
D) bend away from the apical meristem.
A/An ________ has been used to estimate that HIV-1 M first spread to humans in the
1930s.
A) parsimony analysis
B) epidemiological study
C) outgroup comparison
D) molecular clock
A physician diagnoses a patient with a bacterial infection and determines that the
patient is not immune to the bacteria. He delivers a shot of blood plasma that contains
antibodies to his patient. The physician is transferring
A) lymph nodes.
B) the cell-mediated immune response.
C) antigen receptors.
D) the humoral immune response.
Under what conditions would you expect a plant to have the highest concentration of
abscisic acid?
A) in a wet tropical rain forest
B) in a cool environment after a heavy rain
C) in a houseplant growing in low light conditions
D) in a desert after a long drought
Mutations in the p53 gene can lead to cancer by
A) causing the production of excessive amounts of relay proteins.
B) causing the production of a faulty protein that is no longer able to inhibit cell
division.
C) promoting the expression of mRNA that can interact with DNA, resulting in new
mutations.
D) increasing the production of growth hormones, which trigger faster cell cycles.
Which of the following is an invasive species?
A) mallard duck in the western United States
B) brown tree snake in Guam
C) elephant in India
D) carrier pigeon in the continental United States
Which of the following is likely to have the lowest concentration of O2?
A) warm salt water
B) cool salt water
C) cool fresh water
D) air
A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined.
As the bacteria metabolize the glucose, the radioactive carbon will appear first in
A) carbon dioxide.
B) glucose-6-phosphate.
C) pyruvate.
D) ATP.
Brown-eye genes are dominant over blue-eye genes. What is the best explanation for
the fact that all the blue-eye alleles have not disappeared in the human population?
A) Some blue alleles are always hidden in heterozygotes.
B) The population is likely in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for that locus.
C) Brown-eyed people sometimes have a blue-eyed parent.
D) People with brown eyes tend to choose mates with brown eyes, and blue-eyed
people tend to choose mates with blue eyes.
Exposure to the HIV virus doesn't necessarily mean that a person will develop AIDS.
Some people have genetic resistance to infection by HIV. Dr. Stephen O'Brien from the
U.S. National Cancer Institute has recently identified a mutant form of a gene, called
CCR5, that can protect against HIV infection. The mutation probably originated in
Europe among survivors of the bubonic plague. The mutated gene prevents the plague
bacteria from attaching to cell membranes and, therefore, from entering and infecting
body cells.
Although the HIV virus is very different from the bacteria that causes the plague, both
diseases affect the exact same cells and use the same method of infection. The presence
of the mutated gene in descendants of plague survivors helps prevent them from
contracting AIDS. Pharmaceutical companies are using this information as the basis for
a new approach to AIDS prevention. This could be very important in areas of the world
where the mutation is scarce or absent, such as Africa.
Which of the following shows the steps of a viral infection in the proper order?
A) virus locates host cell → enters nucleus → alters host cell DNA → destroys cell
membrane
B) virus locates host cell → alters host cell DNA → host cell produces copies of virus
→ copies enter host cell nucleus → nucleus leaves cell
C) virus locates host cell → penetrates cell membrane → enters nucleus → alters host
cell DNA → host cell produces copies of virus
D) virus locates host cell → forms hydrogen bonds → changes DNA to RNA→ host
cell produces copies of virus
In England, at a time when milk was still delivered to doorsteps each morning in
foil-capped glass bottles, a songbird called the great tit started pecking through the caps
and drinking the cream in the necks of the bottles. This behavior spread through the
great tit population in a matter of years. The emergence and spread of this behavior
probably depended on
A) trial-and-error learning plus habituation.
B) trial-and-error learning plus social learning.
C) trial-and-error learning plus imprinting.
D) habituation plus social learning.
Which of the following conditions would be most likely to cause stomata to open?
A) water molecules entering the stomatal pore
B) hot, dry weather and strong winds
C) sunrise on a clear morning
D) a cool night setting in
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from
the two spindle poles?
A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
Bacterial production of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of the amino acid
tryptophan declines with increasing levels of tryptophan and increases as tryptophan
levels decline. This is an example of
A) competitive inhibition.
B) noncompetitive inhibition.
C) feedback inhibition.
D) irreversible inhibition.
Feeling tired after a long day of work, you walk across a parking lot at night to get to
your car. As you approach the car you see a shadow extending behind the back of the
car. You immediately feel a rush of energy, your heart starts pounding, and you feel
wide awake and alert. You slowly circle around to the back of the car and see that the
shadow is coming from a parking lot sign above your car. You breathe a sigh of relief
and start to calm down. You think about how you just felt in that scary situation and
realize that you had the same reaction when you were called on in class to answer a
question in front of everyone. Your teacher used that exercise to describe that the
hormone ________ can be produced in fearful situations by ________.
A) epinephrine; adrenal glands
B) epinephrine; parathyroid glands
C) glucagon; pancreas
D) calcitonin; thyroid gland
