1) if there were no paranasal sinuses, all of the following would be true, except
a) the skull would be heavier.
b) stronger neck muscles would be required.
c) less mucus in the nasal cavity.
d) reduced ability to trap dust and particles.
e) the ability to sneeze would be impaired.
2) stimulation of 1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine results in
a) an increase in the amount of intracellular camp.
b) a decrease in the amount of intracellular camp.
c) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ion.
d) release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.
e) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.
3) inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
a) acromegaly.
b) goiter.
c) diabetes mellitus.
d) diabetes insipidus.
e) addison’s disease.
4) emission and ejaculation
a) occurs under sympathetic stimulation.
b) begins with peristaltic contractions of the ampulla.
c) is responsible for propelling semen into the female reproductive tract.
d) involves contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle.
e) all of the answers are correct.
5) tetanic muscle contractions don’t occur in a normal cardiac muscle because
a) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own.
b) neural stimulation is lacking.
c) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
d) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension.
e) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels.
6) functions of the plasmalemma include all of the following, except
a) separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid.
b) regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment.
c) sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid.
d) thermal insulation.
e) structural support.
7) the heart is ________ to the lungs.
a) lateral
b) medial
c) posterior
d) proximal
e) distal
8) the following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light.
1. membrane sodium channels close.
2. increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cgmp.
3. retinal changes from the 11-cis form to the 11-trans form.
4. the membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines.
5. opsin activates transducin.
6. opsin activation occurs.
the proper sequence for these steps is
a) 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3.
b) 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4.
c) 6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4.
d) 3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4.
e) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2.
9) hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into
a) isotonic solution.
b) hypertonic solution.
c) hypotonic solution.
d) merotonic solution.
e) homotonic solution.
10) the vertebra prominens is another name for the ________ vertebra.
a) first cervical
b) second cervical
c) seventh cervical
d) first thoracic
e) fifth lumbar
11) if the permeability of a resting axon to sodium ion increases,
a) the membrane potential will repolarize.
b) the membrane potential will hyperpolarize.
c) inward movement of sodium ion will increase.
d) outward movement of sodium ion will decrease.
e) inward movement of sodium will increase and the membrane will depolarize.
12) match the proenzyme on the left (1-3) with the correct enzyme activator on the right
(4-6)
1. pepsinogen4. enterokinase
2. trypsinogen5. hydrochloric acid
3. procarboxypeptidase6. trypsin
a) 1 and 6, 2 and 5, 3 and 4
b) 1 and 4, 2 and 5, 3 and 6
c) 1 and 4, 2 and 6, 3 and 5
d) 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 4
e) 1 and 5, 2 and 4, 3 and 6
13) the muscle that adducts and rotates the scapula laterally is the
a) rhomboid.
b) levator scapulae.
c) serratus anterior.
d) pectoralis minor.
e) subclavius.
14) the widest intervertebral discs are found in the ________ region.
a) cervical
b) thoracic
c) lumbar
d) sacral
e) coccygeal
15) factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?
a) high cholesterol
b) lack of exercise
c) smoking
d) obesity
e) all of the answers are correct.
16) complete dislocation of the knee is rare because
a) the knee is protected by the patella.
b) the femur articulates with the tibia at the knee.
c) the knee contains seven major ligaments.
d) the knee contains fat pads to absorb shocks.
e) the knee is extremely resilient.
17) the period from 2 years to puberty is known as ________.
18) the buildup of depolarization when epsps arrive in rapid succession is called
________ summation.
19) growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called
________ growth.
20) the ductus deferens passes through the ________ canal to enter the pelvic cavity.
21) the action of the masseter muscle is to ________ the mandible.
22) the muscle group on the posterior thigh is called the ________ group.