CAS BI 75235 | Course Paper

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Innate immunity _____.

A) is activated immediately upon infection

B) depends on an infected animal’s previous exposure to the same pathogen

C) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to different pathogens

D) is found only in vertebrate animals

What is the function of the osmotic gradient found in the kidney? The osmotic gradient

allows for _____.

A) electrolytes to move from low to high concentrations in the absence of ATP

B) the precise control of the retention of water and electrolytes

C) the loop of Henle to deliver water to the renal vein

D) the filtration of large cells at the glomerulus

Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of

Thomas Malthus?

A) Technological innovation in agricultural practices will permit exponential growth of

the human population into the foreseeable future.

B) Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows.

C) Earth changed over the years through a series of catastrophic upheavals.

D) The environment is responsible for natural selection.

Which of the following is an example of cryptic coloration?

A) bands on a coral snake

B) brown or gray color of tree bark

C) markings of a viceroy butterfly’s wings

D) a “walking stick” insect that resembles a twig

As an undergraduate research assistant, you are assisting with a radioisotope tracer

experiment. You expose a mature leaf on one side of the lower shoot of a sugar beet

plant to 14CO2 and then track the movement of the 14C atoms by radiography. Where

are you LEAST likely to detect 14C?

A) the treated leaf

B) the shoot apical meristem

C) the roots

D) a mature upper leaf on the opposite side of the plant from the treated leaf

Clonal selection is an explanation for how _____.

A) V, J, and C gene segments are rearranged

B) an antigen can provoke production of high levels of specific antibodies

C) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) can disrupt the immune system

D) macrophages can recognize specific T cells and B cells

Bagworm moth caterpillars feed on evergreens and carry a silken case or bag around

with them in which they eventually pupate. Adult female bagworm moths are larval in

appearance; they lack the wings and other structures of the adult male and instead retain

the appearance of a caterpillar even though they are sexually mature and can lay eggs

within the bag. This is a good example of _____.

A) allometric growth

B) paedomorphosis

C) sympatric speciation

D) adaptive radiation

Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater, just like lakes and ponds. However,

wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because wetlands have _____.

A) emergent vegetation

B) oxygen-poor water

C) shallow water and emergent vegetation

D) emergent vegetation and oxygen-poor water

The citric acid cycle.

For each mole of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles

of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 32

Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?

A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.

B) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for one

experimental variable.

C) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.

D) Only the experimental group is tested or measured.

Listed below are several examples of types of animal behavior. Choose the letter of the

correct term (A-E) that matches each example in the following question(s).

A. operant conditioning

B. agonistic behavior

C. innate behavior

D. imprinting

E. altruistic behavior

Upon observing a golden eagle flying overhead, a sentry prairie dog gives a warning

call to other foraging members of the prairie dog community.

A) B

B) C

C) D

D) E

Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, for example) the seeds

are contained in a fruit that is itself called a legume, better known as a pod. Upon

opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some ovules have become mature

seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Thus, which of the following statements is (are)

true?

1. The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated.

2. Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods.

3. There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such

pods.

4. The ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts.

5. Fruit can develop, even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.

A) 1 and 5

B) 2 and 4

C) 2 and 5

D) 3 and 5

Consider the food chain of grass → grasshopper → mouse → snake → hawk. About

how much of the chemical energy fixed by photosynthesis of the grass (100 percent) is

available to the hawk?

A) 0.01%

B) 0.1%

C) 1%

D) 10%

Besides turning enzymes on or off, what other means does a cell use to control

enzymatic activity?

A) localization of enzymes into specific organelles or membranes

B) exporting enzymes out of the cell

C) connecting enzymes into large aggregates

D) hydrophobic interactions

Which of the following have chloroplasts (or structures since evolved from

chloroplasts) thought to be derived from ancestral green algae?

A) stramenopiles

B) apicomplexans

C) dinoflagellates

D) chlorarachniophytes

The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called the _____.

A) axon hillock

B) dendrite

C) synapse

D) cell body

Increases and decreases of the heart rate result from changes in the activity of the

_____.

A) medulla oblongata

B) thalamus

C) pituitary

D) cerebellum

In which feature(s) should one be able to locate a complete chromosome of this

bacterium?

1. nucleolus

2. prophage

3. endospore

4. nucleoid

A) 4 only

B) 1 and 3

C) 2 and 3

D) 3 and 4

In its mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to _____.

A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis

B) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration

C) the Calvin cycle

D) reduction of NADP+

DNA is synthesized through a process known as _____.

A) semiconservative replication

B) conservative replication

C) translation

D) transcription

The following questions are based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown

in the figure.

Refer to the figure above. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by _____.

A) I only

B) II only

C) III only

D) IV only

Which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination?

A) dioecious

B) monoecious

C) wind-pollinated

D) insect-pollinated

In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a

growing pollen tube on its way to the egg?

1. micropyle

2. style

3. ovary

4. stigma

A) 4 →? 2 → 3 → 1

B) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1

C) 1 → 3 → 4 → 2

D) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1

Connective tissues typically have _____.

A) little space between the membranes of adjacent cells

B) the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses

C) the ability to shorten upon stimulation

D) relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

The primitive streak in a bird is the functional equivalent of _____.

A) the lip of the blastopore in the frog

B) the archenteron in a frog

C) the notochord in a mammal

D) neural crest cells in a mammal

There are several properties that are characteristic of a soil in which typical plants

would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant

growth?

A) abundant humus

B) numerous soil organisms

C) compacted soil

D) high cation exchange capacity

The number of major histocompatability (MHC) protein combinations possible in a

given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a

far more limited array of MHC molecules because _____.

A) the MHC proteins are made from several different gene regions that are capable of

rearranging in a number of ways

B) MHC proteins from one individual can only be of class I or class II

C) each of the MHC genes has a large number of alleles, but each individual only

inherits two for each gene

D) once a B cell has matured in the bone marrow, it is limited to two MHC response