1) Most forms of classical conditioning can be considered declarative memory.
2) Activity in the premotor cortex reflects not only the trajectory of a movement but
also the context in which the movement occurs.
3) When spatial attention is introduced to one stimulus in a spatial array, simultaneous
presentation of competing stimuli interferes less compared to the absence of spatial
attention.
4) During memory retrieval, cortical regions that were important during encoding are
reactivated.
5) The best neuroimaging method for visualizing the white and gray matter is computed
tomography
(CT).
6) The term akinetopsia refers to unusual sensory unionseither between two senses,
such as perceiving tastes for words, or within a single sense, such as perceiving colors
for letters.
7) Drawings of hierarchical figures by people with left-hemisphere lesions are likely to
focus on local elements while missing global structure.
8) In some of the fear-conditioning experiments described in your text, simple shapes
like a blue square are used as the conditioned stimulus (CS).
9) The immediate assignment of syntactic structure of incoming words is known as
parsing.
10) In exogenous cuing, the orienting of attention to the cue is driven primarily by the
participants goals.
11) The term tonotopic refers to the fact that the cochlea and the auditory cortex contain
maps that are organized according to the sound frequencies that best stimulate the cells.
12) The Sternberg experiment showed that the amount of time it takes to compare a
target item with a list of items in memory increases with the number of items in the
memory set. This is an example of parallel processing.
13) Communication between two neurons is always achieved through chemical, and not
electrical, mechanisms.
14) ERP studies of visual and auditory attention suggest that early ERP components like
the P1 and N1 are not modulated by the participants attentional state.
15) The electrical signal evoked by a class of sensory, motor, or cognitive events, which
is observed by averaging multiple EEG traces, is known as a(n)
a.brain response potential.
b. mean event trace.
c.event-related potential.
d. neural activity trace.
16) Which of the following is NOT a gradient along which the prefrontal cortex is
organized?
a.anterior-posterior
b. ventral-dorsal
c.left-right
d. lateral-medial
17) You are looking for a friend who is supposed to meet you in a crowded lecture hall.
You know that she is wearing a bright purple sweater and glasses. Which kind of visual
search best describes this situation?
a. Conjunction search
b. Feature search
c. Pop-out search
d. Parallel search
18) The small regions in a three-dimensional grid, approximately 5 to 10 cubic
millimeters in volume, that neuroimagers use to map the brain are known as
a.posners.
b. sternbergs.
c.voxels.
d. pixels.
19) Noam Chomsky argued that the structure of human languages is__________ , in
contrast to B. F.
Skinners assertion that languages are__________ .
a. innate ; learned
b. learned ; universal
c. universal ; rational
d. rational ; innate
20) The primary reason why neurons are refractory for a short period after firing action
potentials, and the reason underlying the absolute refractory period, is that the
a.voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated.
b. voltage-gated potassium channels are inactivated.
c.sodiumpotassium pump has to remove sodium ions from inside the cell.
d. sodiumpotassium pump has to retrieve potassium ions from outside the cell.
21) A patient has an injury to the optic nerves, such that the branches of each optic
nerve that normally cross to the opposite side of the brain at the optic chiasm are
severed. The remaining branches, which do not cross to the other side of the brain, are
intact. Which of the following best describes the effect of this injury on his vision?
a. He can now see only by using his right eye; his left eye is functionally blind.
b. Only information from the left visual field can enter his brain for processing.
c. Only the signal for half the visual field of each eye is processed by the brain.
d. His brain now receives visual information only from the medial half of each retina.
22) Chapins early work on a brain-machine interface (BMI) in rats used an online
population vector that matched the _________ of the rats movement.
a. direction
b. force
c. velocity
d. complexity
23) The term concentration gradient refers to a difference in the
a.number of two different ion types within the neuron.
b.number of ions found on opposite sides of the cell membrane.
c.permeability of the membrane to one kind of ion compared to another.
d.permeability of the membrane at rest compared to during an action potential.
24) Ebbinghaus, who is considered the father of modern memory research, was among
the first to demonstrate that
a.different types of brain lesions can produce different types of memory deficits.
b. in terms of cognition, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
c. behavior is best understood in terms of stimulusresponse relationships.
d. internal mental processes can be measured in rigorous and reproducible ways.
25) Which of the following degenerative disorders is believed to have the strongest
genetic component?
a. Alzheimers disease
b. Parkinsons disease
c. Huntingtons disease
d. Korsakoffs disease
26) Simple cells in the primary visual cortex selectively respond to visual stimuli based
on
a. direction of stimulus motion.
b. stimulus color.
c. stimulus orientation.
d. distance of the stimulus from the viewer.