1) The most important function of myelin in the nervous system is to
a.form the bloodbrain barrier.
b.trigger the release of neurotransmitters from axon terminals.
c.produce cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles.
d.facilitate conduction of action potentials in axons.
2) The volume of cortex that is not sensory or motor has traditionally been termed
__________ .
a. extrastriate
b. cognitive
c. association
d. equipotential
3) The most salient symptom in people who have suffered damage to the orbitofrontal
cortex is
a.inappropriate social behavior.
b. aphasia.
c.profound mental retardation.
d. agnosia.
4) Saying the word horse when intending to say the word cow is an example of a
semantic paraphasia.
5) A friend comes into your house and eats all the chocolate in your pantry. You come in
and at first are very angry. Then you think to yourself, Thats actually better for me.
Now I dont have to eat all those calories. What have you done?
a. antecedent-focused regulation
b. reappraisal
c. reduction of your anger
d. all of the above
6) During a particularly boring lecture, you carefully note the time on a clock that is
mounted on the side wall of the classroom while keeping your eyes fixated on the
professors face. This is an example of
a. covert attention.
b. inhibition of return.
c. extinction.
d. conjunction search.
7) Warrington (1985) proposed an anatomical model of the cognitive operations
necessary to explain object recognition. The first stage in this model involves the
detection and categorization of visually invariant information, which occurs in the
__________ hemisphere; the second stage involves the semantic categorization of
visual input, which occurs in __________ hemisphere(s).
a. left ; the right
b. left ; both the left and right
c. right ; the left
d. right ; both the left and right
8) This neuroimaging technique combines X-ray pictures taken from many different
angles into a compressed two-dimensional representation of the brain.
a. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
b. CT (computed tomography)
c. PET (positron emission tomography)
d. EEG (electroencephalography)
9) Under the standard consolidation theory, the involvement of the hippocampus in
accessing memories is best described as
a. temporary.
b. permanent.
c. flexible.
d. rigid.
10) Imagine that a frontal lobe patient meets a very good friend and his family doctor.
Which of the two would this patient be able to engage more easily in a short
conversation?
a.the very good friend
b. the family doctor
c.both would be equally easy
d. both would be equally difficult
11) Alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord communicate with muscle fibers by
releasing acetylcholine, which influences muscle activity by
a. depolarizing neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
b. directly causing muscle contractions.
c. hyperpolarizing peripheral motor neurons.
d. inhibiting neurons in the dorsal root of the spinal cord.
12) Neuroimaging experiments have demonstrated that working memory engages the
a.prefrontal cortex to a larger degree than any other cortical area.
b. anterior cingulate to a larger degree than any other cortical area.
c.prefrontal cortex and more posterior brain areas involved in perception and mental
representation.
d. anterior cingulate and more posterior brain areas involved in perception and mental
representation.
13) One conceptualization of the prefrontal cortex, offered by Shimamura (2000),
which could explain the seemingly disparate set of impairments associated with damage
to this area is that
a.one underlying function of the prefrontal lobes is to select the information that is most
task-relevant.
b. separate regions within the prefrontal cortex are specialized for these different
functions.
c.the prefrontal cortex is not directly involved in memory but is a relay station for
information processing that occurs in the temporal lobes.
d. information in the prefrontal cortex is temporarily represented in other neural sites,
including the basal ganglia, during working memory.
14) Which of the following are as is least involved in social cognition?
a.ventromedial prefrontal cortex
b.inferior frontal gyrus
c.anterior cingulate gyrus
d.dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
15) Which of the following is NOT a part of the basal ganglia?
a. the putamen
b. the claustrum
c. the caudate
d. the globus pallidus
16) People with retrograde and anterogradeamnesia are_________ to maintain a sense
of self because our judgments about self-characteristics are____________ recall of
specific past behaviors.
a.able ; dependent on
b. able ; not linked to
c.not able ; dependent on
d. not able ; not linked to
17) The most caudal part of the frontal lobe contains the_________region.
a.lateral prefrontal cortex
b.premotor
c.anterior cingulate
d.primary motor
18) What typically drives people to employ retributivist policies in practice despite
endorsing utilitarian policies in the abstract?
a.experience
b. innate tendencies
c.the American legal system
d. false memories
19) The memory performance of patients K.F. and E.E., when compared to the memory
performance of people with amnesia, such as patient H.M, demonstrates a double
dissociation between two types of memory. Which of the following statements best
describes these results?
a. H.M. has a deficit limited to explicit memory, whereas K.F. and E.E. have deficits
limited to implicit memory.
b. H.M. has a deficit limited to long-term memory, whereas K.F. and E.E. have deficits
limited to short-term memory.
c. H.M. has anterograde amnesia, whereas K.F. and E.E. have retrograde amnesia.
d. H.M. has an injury to the medial temporal lobes, whereas K.F. and E.E. have injuries
to the lateral temporal lobes.
20) John Watson famously argued that newborn babies
a.are incapable of forming memories.
b. have an intelligence comparable to our nearest primate cousins.
c.can be raised to become anything.
d. will develop different intellectual abilities according to innate differences.