Which of the following equations best summarizes photosynthesis?
A) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → C6H12O6
B) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
C) 6 CO2 + 6 O2 → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O
D) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Gametophytes reproduce ________.
A) by producing sperm and eggs
B) by fission
C) by meiosis of special cells in the gametophyte
D) by budding
As water freezes, ________.
A) its molecules move farther apart
B) it cools the surrounding environment
C) its hydrogen bonds break apart
D) it loses its polarity
Animal life underwent its greatest diversification during the ________, which began
about ________ million years ago.
A) Paleozoic era… 290
B) Paleozoic era… 540
C) Mesozoic era… 363
D) Mesozoic era… 245
Genetic drift is the result of ________.
A) natural selection
B) chance
C) a large gene pool
D) environmental variation
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
In varicose veins, the one-way flow of blood in veins is disrupted, which can cause
swelling and blood clots. What might help return the blood flow in these veins to
normal?
A) Reduce physical activity.
B) Raise legs above the level of the heart when resting.
C) Remove valves from varicose veins.
D) Stand or sit still for long periods of time.
Which of the following is the lineage of green algae believed to most resemble early
plant ancestors?
A) charophytes
B) ulva
C) volvox
D) dinoflagellates
You trim two different houseplants. The first houseplant becomes bushier, but the
pruning does not affect the growth of the second plant. A possible explanation is
________.
A) you removed the axillary bud on the first plant but not the second
B) the second plant forms tubers, but the first plant does not
C) the first plant has compound leaves and the second plant has simple leaves
D) you removed the terminal bud on the first plant but not the second
In a chemical synapse, what is the name of the gap between the sending and receiving
cells?
A) synaptic terminal
B) action potential
C) synaptic cleft
D) myelin sheath
What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?
A) stroma
B) mitochondria
C) thylakoids
D) vesicles
Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the
tides. If this animal practices homeostasis with respect to the salt concentration of its
body fluids, its salt concentration will show ________.
A) no fluctuations
B) slight, continuous fluctuations
C) a more concentrated state than the surrounding water at all times
D a more diluted state than the surrounding water at all times
Saturated fats are saturated with ________.
A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) hydrogen
D) oxygen
What level of ecology is concerned with the adaptations of individuals?
A) community
B) organismal
C) ecosystem
D) population
The following figure provides you with an overview of recombinant technology. The
end result is a transgenic bacterium with a human gene that codes for marketable
quantities of a human gene product. However, molecular biologists frequently have
problems with the product. One problem might be ________.
A) production of a human protein that is unable to function properly
B) formation of a bacterium that cannot synthesize the product
C) a bacterium with DNA that is resistant to restriction enzymes
D) formation of mutants
Most nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system?
A) stomach
B) duodenum
C) the several meters of the small intestine that come after the duodenum
D) large intestine
Would you expect desert plants to have a thin or thick cuticle?
A) thin because desert plants do not have stomata
B) thin because desert plants have a short root system
C) thick because desert plants have an extensive shoot system
D) thick because desert plants need to retain water in this dry environment
How many amino acids are common to all living systems?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 100
What advantage is associated with human testes located in an external sac rather than in
the abdominal cavity?
A) a shorter distance that semen must travel during ejaculation
B) the testes can be kept at a constant temperature
C) the testes can be kept cooler than the body’s interior
D) the testes can enlarge at sexual maturity
The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ________.
A) nucleus
B) centriole
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nucleolus
A sperm cell’s acrosome ________.
A) contains the sperm’s nucleus and is the part of the sperm that enters the egg during
fertilization
B) fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg cell
C) contains enzymes that are released when the sperm encounters an egg and dissolves
a hole in the jellylike matrix that surrounds the egg
D) contains the sperm’s mitochondria
Natural selection ________.
A) results in evolutionary adaptation
B) is a very rare phenomenon
C) does not affect allelic frequencies
D) prepares organisms for future changes in the environment
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________.
A) sympathetic and parasympathetic
B) central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C) sensory and motor
D) voluntary and involuntary
The figure below shows that ________.
A) peristalsis moves food down the esophagus
B) air cannot get into the trachea when the epiglottis closes the trachea
C) the trachea is open when you are not swallowing
D) the trachea is closed when you are not swallowing
On a lab bench, there are four balloons filled with identical volumes of different salt
solutions: 0% (balloon A), 5% (balloon B), 10% (balloon C), and 15% (balloon D).
There are also four beakers each filled with identical volumes of a 10% salt solution.
The balloons are semi-permeable; that is, only water can enter and exit the balloon. All
four balloons are placed in separate beakers at the same time and are allowed to come
to equilibrium. Which is the correct order of balloon volumes at equilibrium, from
largest to smallest?
A) A < B < C < D
B) D < C < B < A
C) D < B < A < C
D) All balloons will be of equal volume at equilibrium.
What name is given to the seafloor?
A) pelagic realm
B) intertidal zone
C) benthic realm
D) aphotic zone
Characid fishes are found naturally only in South America and Africa. Fossils of these
fish are not found on any other continents. What is the most likely explanation of this
distribution pattern?
A) These fishes arose in either Africa or South America and migrated across the South
Atlantic Ocean to the other continent.
B) Characid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American
continents.
C) Characid fishes arose in the South Atlantic Ocean and migrated to Africa and South
America.
D) Convergent evolution is responsible for the distribution of characid fishes.
Examine the figure above. Most of the mass of the tree shown in the figure comes from
________.
A) water
B) glucose
C) the air
D) the soil
In order to have a positive charge, an atom must have ________.
A) more protons than electrons
B) more electrons than protons
C) more neutrons than protons
D) more protons than neutrons
Alleles are described as ________.
A) homologous chromosomes
B) environmental factors that affect gene expression
C) alternate versions of a gene
D) alternate phenotypes
________ are responsible for toxic red tides.
A) Plasmodial slime molds
B) Dinoflagellates
C) Red algae
D) Diatoms
Which of the following is a source of water loss in humans?
I) urination
II) defecation
III) breathing
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) I, II, and III
Why is the symbiotic relationship of truffle mushrooms and tree roots considered to be
crucial to the colonization of land?
A) This relationship is found in some of the oldest plant fossils.
B) Truffles have the terrestrial adaptation of seeds.
C) Tree roots can be found only in terrestrial environments.
D) Truffles provide trees with sugars.