Mutations affecting all of the following except _____ interfere directly with the
rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes.
a.Artemis
b.purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)
c.DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)
d.RAG-1
e.RAG-2.
Allelic exclusion occurs for all of the following except
a.T-cell receptor genes
b.T-cell receptor genes
c.B-cell receptor heavy-chain genes
d.B-cell receptor -chain genes
e.B-cell receptor -chain genes.
A(n) _____ binds to the antigen-binding site of another antibody.
a.cryptic epitope
b.anti-idiotypic antibody
c.molecular mimic
d.receptor antagonist
e.autoantibody.
Which of the following statements is correct?
a.In adults the mature T-cell repertoire is self-renewing and long-lived and does not require
a thymus for the provision of new T cells.
b.T cells and B cells are both short-lived cells and require continual replenishment from
primary lymphoid organs.
c.The human thymus is not fully functional until age 30, at which time it begins to shrink
and atrophy.
d.In DiGeorge syndrome the bone marrow takes over the function of the thymus and
produces mature peripheral T cells.
e.None of the above statements is correct.
Identify which of the following is not a characteristic of T cells. (Select all that
apply.)
a.Some express a homodimer of the CD8 chain.
b.They do not express CD28.
c.They are subject to MHC restriction.
d.Most do not express either CD4 or CD8.
e.Most circulating cells do not enter secondary lymphoid tissue.
f.They undergo gene rearrangement.
g.They originate from the same precursor cells as do T cells.
h.Their response is solely dependent on the T-cell receptor.
i.They make up the minority of resident T cells in tissues.
j.Circulating cells express .
An example of an antimicrobial peptide that protects epithelial surfaces from pathogens is
_____.
a.glycoprotein
b.defensin
c.proteoglycan
d.lysozyme
e.sebum.
Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 7 (SSLP7) produced by Staphylococcus aureus,
binds to _____ and thereby prevents the killing of the bacterium by the host’s immune
system during infection. (Select all that apply.)
a.NK-cell activating receptors
b.C5 complement protein
c.CD8 co-receptor
d.T-cell receptor chain
e.Fc region of IgA.
Individuals who have two defective alleles of the AIRE gene _____.
a.exhibit symptoms of autoimmunity at a young age
b.are unable to activate regulatory T cells
c.exhibit decreased predisposition to autoimmune disease
d.are very effective at inducing anergy of circulating autoreactive B and T cells
e.are more likely to be women of African or Asian origin.
_____ assists in the differentiation of blood-derived monocytes into intestinal
macrophages.
a.TGF-
b.B7
c.IL-12
d.CXCL8
e.CD14.
A.What type of immune deficiency would you see in a child lacking the common chain
of the receptor for cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7, among others? Explain your answer.
B.Why would you see the same type of immunodeficiency in a child lacking Jak3 kinase
function?
C.What treatment might be possible to remedy this immunodeficiency?
Seventeen-year-old Lisa Montague practiced piano for 3-4 hours each day while preparing
for music college auditions. Some of her pieces required sustained arm-muscle activity and
she began to find them hard to play, even though she had previously played them easily.
When she also started to have difficulty swallowing and chewing, she told her mother, who
took her to the emergency room, where the physician noticed drooping eyelids and
limitation of ocular motility. An electromyogram detected impaired nerve-to-muscle
transmission. Administration of pyridostigmine rapidly improved Lisa’s symptoms. Which
of the following blood-test results would be most consistent with her condition?
a.elevated rheumatoid factor
b.elevated anti-myelin basic protein antibodies
c.elevated anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies
d.elevated anti-nuclear antibodies
e.elevated anti-Rh antibodies.
Explain how decreased levels of HLA class I on variant cancer cells can (A) enhance or
(B) reduce tumor growth.
Which of the following cell types in a tumor biopsy would not be associated with a
promising prognosis?
a.B cells
b.memory T cells
c.TFH cells
d.regulatory T cells
e.cytotoxic T cells.
The function of uterine NK cells (uNK) is to _____.
a.kill virus-infected cells
b.secrete growth factors that promote blood vessel growth to supply the placenta
c.activate resident macrophages by secreting inflammatory cytokines
d.secrete 1000 times more type I interferon than other cells to protect the fetus from viral
infection.
Which of the following statements are true of a T cell that expresses two chains (and
thus two different T-cell receptors) as a result of ineffective allelic exclusion of the chain
during rearrangement? (Select all that apply.)
a.Engaging either of the T-cell receptors on MHC molecules of the thymic epithelium will
result in positive selection.
b.One of the T-cell receptors will be functional while the other will most probably be
non-functional.
c.If either T-cell receptor binds strongly to self-peptides presented by self-MHC molecules,
the thymocyte will be negatively selected.
d.One of the T-cell receptors may be autoreactive but escape negative selection because its
peptide antigen is present in tissues other than the thymus.
e.Subsequent gene rearrangements may give rise to a T-cell receptor.
Epithelial tumors express MIC proteins on their cell surfaces.
A.Why does this make the tumor cells susceptible to attack by NK cells, T cells, and
cytotoxic CD8 T cells?
B.How do the tumor cells evade such attack?
In reference to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), match the term in column A with its
description in column B.
Explain how cyclosporin A acts as an immunosuppressant drug.
Match the autoimmune disease in column A with the corresponding antigen in column B
and the consequence in column C. Use each answer only once. Then indicate whether the
autoimmune disease is categorized as type II, III, or IV.
A-How many HLA-DR combinations can be made by an individual who is
heterozygous at all HLA-DR loci, inherits the DR haplotype DRB1 from their mother,
the DR haplotype DRB1, DRB4 from their father, and also inherits different allelic forms
of DRA from each parent?
B-Repeat this exercise given the same information except that the maternal DR
haplotype is DRB1, DRB3.
Why do children who have had their tonsils or adenoids removed respond less effectively
to the oral polio vaccine than children who still have these tissues?
Provide an explanation of why it is believed that MHC class I genes are the evolutionary
ancestors of MHC class II genes.
A-Which selectins, mucin-like vascular addressins, and integrins have a role in the
circulation of T cells between the blood and lymphoid tissues?
B-Describe in chronological order how T cells migrate across lymph node high endothelial
venules (HEVs) from the blood by using these molecules.
The peptide-binding groove of MHC class I molecules is composed of the following
extracellular domains:
Match the term in Column A with its description in Column B.