All of the following are oligomorphic except
a.HLA-G chain
b.HLA-DO chain
c.HLA-DQ chain
d.HLA-A chain
e.HLA-DR chain.
Immunological tolerance in the B-cell repertoire is called _______ tolerance when it
develops in primary lymphoid organs, and _______ tolerance when it is induced outside
the bone marrow.
a.primary; secondary
b.apoptotic; anergic
c.stromal; follicular
d.receptor-mediated; systemic
e.central; peripheral.
Secretory IgA binds to pathogens in all of the following locations except the _____.
a.endosomes of an M cell
b.lamina propria
c.lumen of the gut
d.blood
e.Peyer’s patches.
On an otherwise uneventful sunny Sunday afternoon, an extremist group enters your city
in a large van and drives to the front entrance of the Convention Center where the annual
flower show is taking place. The occupants unload large crates resembling flats of assorted
flowers, and then drive off. Within minutes the crates explode, showering the visitors with
an opaque powder. Medical teams are called to the scene to care for the injured, and CDC
officials wearing level4 containment suits arrive in a few hours to test the contents of the
powder for human pathogens using multiplex PCR methodology (a rapid method for
identifying pathogens by their DNA). Which of the following potential bioterrorism agents
would pose the most serious threat to those exposed?
a.Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
b.Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin (diphtheria)
c.Yersinia pestis (plague)
d.variola major (smallpox)
e.Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism).
Identify the mismatched pair. (Select all that apply.)
a.variolation: smallpox
b.Salk vaccine: killed poliovirus
c.vaccinia virus: cowpox
d.rotavirus: segmented DNA virus
e.Sabin vaccine: TVOP
f.rabies vaccine: live attenuated vaccine.
Identify the mismatched pair.
a.TNF : immediate release from mast cells
b.mucosal mast cell production: T-cell immunodeficiencies
c.connective tissue mast cells: chymotryptase
d.lipid mediator: prostaglandins
e.leukotrienes: increase vascular permeability.
Which of the following exerts its effect by inhibiting the activation of calcineurin by
calcium and thereby interferes with nuclear translocation of NFAT? (Select all that apply.)
a.tacrolimus (FK506)
b.mycophenolic acid
c.cyclophosphamide
d.belatacept
e.cyclosporin A.
In which location would plasma cells not be present?
a.bone marrow
b.afferent lymphatic vessels
c.medullary cords of lymph nodes
d.lamina propria of gut-associated lymphoid tissues
e.red pulp of spleen
f.efferent lymphatic vessels.
Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P) are associated
with _____.
a.immune-complex disease
b.susceptibility to Neisseria
c.secondary immunodeficiency diseases
d.hereditary angioedema
e.leukocyte adhesion deficiency.
All of the following describe Vav1 except _____.
a.guanine-nucleotide exchange factor
b.regulated by SHP-1
c.active when phosphorylated
d.found on the surface of NK cells
e.mediates signaling that promotes NK cells’ release of cytotoxic granules.
Lectins recognize microbial _____.
a.phosphate-containing lipoteichoic acids
b.nucleic acids
c.carbohydrates
d.flagellin
e.sulfated polysaccharides.
Which of the following maternal profiles is most strongly correlated with obstructed labor
where the fetus has a C2 epitope inherited from the father?
a.homozygous for KIR A haplotype and C1 epitope
b.homozygous for KIR B haplotype and C1 epitope
c.homozygous for KIR A haplotype and C2 epitope
d.homozygous for KIR B haplotype and C2 epitope
e.heterozygous for KIR A/B haplotypes and C1/C2 epitopes
f.homozygous for KIR A haplotype and heterozygous for C1/C2 epitopes
g.homozygous for KIR B haplotype and heterozygous for C1/C2 epitopes
h.heterozygous for KIR A/B haplotypes and homozygous for C1 epitopes
i.heterozygous for KIR A/B haplotypes and homozygous for C2 epitopes.
Which of the following is associated with immature dendritic cells in the skin before their
activation?
a.Toll-like receptors
b.CTLA4
c.CCR7
d.DC-SIGN
e.ICAM-3.
Shingles is associated with infection by _____.
a.Epstein-Barr virus
b.Staphylococcus aureus
c.herpes zoster
d.Candida albicans
e.Listeria monocytogenes.
A.What induces the production of type I interferon by virus-infected cells?
B.Do normal cells produce this inducer? Why, or why not?
C.Discuss the mechanisms by which type I interferons exert their antiviral effects.
Unlike the C regions of immunoglobulin heavy-chain loci, the C regions of the T-cell
receptor -chain loci
a.are functionally similar
b.do not contain D segments
c.are more numerous
d.are encoded on a different chromosome from the variable -chain gene segments of the
T-cell receptor
e.do not encode a transmembrane region
f.possess non-templated P and N nucleotides.