Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
Functionally, what is the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction?
A) thick filament
B) thin filament
C) myofibril
D) sarcomere
Anaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase except that in anaphase II
________ and in mitotic anaphase ________.
A) the cells are diploid... the cells are haploid
B) chromosomes line up double file in the middle of the cell... chromosomes line up
single file in the middle of the cell
C) crossing over occurs... crossing over does not occur
D) the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate... the cells have the same number
of chromosomes as the original cell and sister chromatids separate
The figure below shows plants originally grown in the dark, and then a light is added on
one side only (arrow). Predict the response of the plants to the addition of the light
source.
A) Auxin becomes concentrated on the lighted side of the plants, and the plants begin to
grow toward the light.
B) Auxin becomes concentrated on the darker side of the plants, and the plants begin to
grow toward the light.
C) Auxin becomes concentrated on the lighted side of the plants, and the plants begin to
grow away from the light.
D) Auxin becomes concentrated on the darker side of the plants, and the plants begin to
grow away from the light.
Animals such as hydras and jellies can exchange gases directly with the environment by
________.
A) diffusion
B) active transport
C) osmosis
D) bulk transport
The three most important nutrients contained in fertilizers are ________.
A) nitrogen, iron, and phosphorus
B) zinc, sulfur, and phosphorus
C) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
D) zinc, iron, and potassium
Corn smut is a fungus that grows in the ears of corn and changes corn kernels into
black, powdery balls of fungus tissue. What would you hypothesize is the significance
of the relationship between corn smut and corn?
A) Corn smut has a parasitic relationship with corn so that it can use the corn as a way
to spread spores.
B) Corn smut has a symbiotic relationship with corn so that it can use the corn as a way
to spread spores.
C) Corn smut helps to decompose corn more quickly and therefore replenishes nutrients
in the soil at a faster rate.
D) Corn smut slows decomposition of corn and therefore reduces the rate at which
nutrients are returned to the soil.
Which of the following substances stimulates contractions in uterine smooth muscle
during labor?
A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
D) prolactin
Which of the following correctly lists the three stages of labor, in the proper order?
A) dilation, expulsion, delivery of the placenta
B) dilation, crowning, expulsion
C) contractions, dilation, expulsion
D) contractions, dilation, crowning
Please read the following scenario and then answer the following questions.
Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the
technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents.
Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for
permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their
homeland join her in the United States. Her request was denied because there was an
apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of
maternity. Other forms of proof are required in cases such as this. The mother requested
DNA fingerprinting to show that she was the mother of the daughter. Samples of DNA
were taken from the mother (Mom) and the daughter (D) as well as from her son (S)
living in the United States with her. STR analysis was run on the three samples, and the
results are shown below.
The short tandem repeat analysis ________.
A) compares markers on the sex chromosomes
B) compares repetitive DNA sequences from different individuals
C) does not require DNA amplification
D) checks for purine and pyrimidine ratios
An unexpected freeze that kills a population of chipmunks is an example of ________.
A) a density-independent factor
B) a biological control
C) a density-dependent factor
D) a population momentum
Which of these hormones acts in opposition to diuretics such as alcohol?
A) ADH
B) glucagon
C) HGH
D) FSH
RNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only
in DNA.
A) a deoxyribose sugar... a ribose sugar
B) uracil... thymine
C) uracil... guanine
D) thymine... uracil
Examine the embryo in the following figure. The hands and feet of this embryo appear
paddle-like, with no distinct toes or fingers. What process is needed to define each of
the toes and fingers?
A) programmed cell death
B) neurulation
C) gastrulation
D) induction
Please use the following information to answer the following question(s).
The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards
show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern.
Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards,
using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in
attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially
choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you
observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You
selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration
pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in
aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed,
the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored
male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.
Create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull or brightly colored) on
the x-axis. On the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen
by females. Using this graph, answer the following questions.
If the proportion of brightly colored male lizards increased steadily in future
generations, this would ________.
A) reject the original hypothesis
B) be an example of evolution due to natural selection
C) illustrate the relationship between structure and function
D) demonstrate the flow of energy through a system
Animals need O2 because it ________.
A) plays a role in obtaining energy from food
B) helps animals synthesize proteins
C) is necessary to make CO2
D) is needed to deliver hemoglobin to the cells of an animal's body
Which of the following occurs during prophase?
A) Chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell.
B) The nuclear envelope forms.
C) Sister chromatids separate.
D) The mitotic spindle begins to form.
A physiologist is a biologist who studies the ________.
A) structure of living things
B) structure of body parts
C) evolution of animals
D) function of body parts
Use the following information to answer the following questions.
There are many diseases of the digestive system. Sjgren's syndrome is an autoimmune
disease that destroys tear ducts and salivary glands. In megaesophagus, peristalsis fails
to occur properly and the esophagus is enlarged. In achlorhydria (also called
"hypochlorhydria") production of gastric acid is absent or low. When a person has
diverticulitis, feces are trapped in small pouches of the large intestine, and cause
infection. Infected portions of the large intestine can swell and block the large intestine.
In exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, there is a progressive loss of pancreatic cells that
make digestive enzymes. In gallstone cholestasis, bile cannot flow from the liver to the
duodenum.
A protein deficiency in the blood could indicate ________.
A) megaesophagus
B) achlorhydria
C) Sjgren's syndrome
D) diverticulitis
Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
CO2 is not the only greenhouse gas that impacts global climate change. Other
greenhouse gases (GHGs) may be equally or more effective than CO2 at trapping heat
on Earth. Climate scientists determine how much a GHG may impact global warming
based on two factors: the efficiency with which a GHG absorbs energy (i.e. traps heat
on Earth) and the length of time (in years) that the gas remains in the atmosphere. A
unit of measurement called the Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used to describe
how much energy a GHG absorbs over a specific period of time (100 years is a standard
time frame). All GWP values of GHGs are compared to the GWP of CO2, which is
given a value of 1.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are greenhouse gases that, for a specific amount of mass,
trap significantly more heat than CO2. How can you classify CFCs?
A) gases with lower GWP values than CO2
B) gas with equal GWP values to CO2
C) gases with greater GWP values than CO2
D) gases that do not have GWP values
Isotopes of an element have the same number of ________ and different numbers of
________.
A) protons... neutrons
B) protons... electrons
C) neutrons... protons
D) electrons... protons
What is one important difference between savannas and temperate grasslands?
A) Savannas only rarely experience fires.
B) Temperate grasslands are mostly treeless.
C) Savannas are inhabited by grazing mammals.
D) Temperate grasslands have nutrient-poor soil.
Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
While radioactive isotopes are used in medicine to identify tumors and other diseases,
they can also be used to treat diseases such as cancer. One method to treat cancerous
tumors is to expose them to radiation, which can kill the cancerous cells and the tumor.
In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer treatment
based on the radioactive isotope radium-223; this isotope has a half-life of 11.4 days.
The radioactive drug, known as Xofigo, is injected into the patient's bloodstream and
travels to certain regions of the body. Because it emits high-energy radiation over short
distances, it can kill cancerous cells in the sites where it localizes.
After the drug was injected into a person, the following data were collected regarding
the amount of radiation measured in different organs in the person's body.
A cancer patient receives an injection of the drug on March 1. Suppose that the patient
must receive a second injection once the amount of the drug decreases to less than 6%
in his or her body. On approximately what day should the cancer patient schedule an
appointment to receive another injection?
A) March 13
B) March 23
C) April 3
D) April 25
Plate tectonics has been responsible for instances of all of the following EXCEPT
________.
A) volcanic explosions
B) sympatric speciation
C) allopatric speciation
D) mass extinction
A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds is ________.
A) being ectothermic
B) the presence of only a single ovary in females
C) the amniotic egg
D) being endothermic
Flowering plants reproduce through ________.
A) asexual reproduction only
B) sexual reproduction only
C) asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
D) budding
The red-cockaded woodpecker, an endangered species, is dependent upon ________ for
maintenance of its source habitat.
A) thick vegetation at least 15 feet in height
B) fire
C) floods
D) corn snakes
DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ________ monomers.
A) nucleotide
B) carbohydrate
C) fatty acid
D) amino acid
What does the term "tetrapod" mean?
A) egg-laying
B) living on land
C) living a double life
D) having four feet
Over a span of two decades, scientists measured changes in the beak size of a
population of Galpagos ground finches. This ________.
A) provided evidence of natural selection in action
B) is an example of artificial selection
C) is an example of overproduction
D) led Darwin to his theory of evolution through natural selection
A purebred plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a purebred plant that
produces green seeds. The seeds of all of the offspring are yellow. Why?
A) The yellow allele is recessive to the green allele.
B) All of the offspring are homozygous yellow.
C) The yellow allele is dominant to the green allele.
D) The alleles are codominant.
The figure below shows ________.
A) a single strand of RNA
B) double-stranded RNA
C) a single strand of DNA
D) double-stranded DNA
Examine the figure below. Nucleosomes are made of ________.
A) RNA and protein
B) DNA
C) proteins
D) DNA and histone proteins
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
One of the compounds that is a direct output of the Calvin cycle is ________.
A) C6H12O6
B) NADPH
C) G3P
D) ATP
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the
plasma membrane?
A) cytoplasm
B) phospholipid bilayer
C) nucleoid
D) chloroplast
