The 2n number for the cell depicted here is ________.
A) one
B) two
C) four
D) eight
Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They’ve added yeast to a sweet
grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days, they find
that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there’s no alcohol in the mixture.
The most likely explanation is that ________.
A) the mixture needs more sugar; yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to
produce alcohol
B) the mixture needs less oxygen; yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen
C) the mixture needs more oxygen; yeast need oxygen to break down sugar to produce
alcohol
D) the mixture needs less sugar; high sugar concentrations stimulate cellular
respiration, and alcohol is not a by-product of cellular respiration
Of these steps, which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant
DNA?
A) Human DNA fragments are mixed with the cut plasmids.
B) The same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the
plasmid DNA.
C) The recombinant plasmids are mixed with bacteria.
D) Bacteria carrying recombinant plasmids are cloned.
The figure below shows that ________.
A) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to sense their external environments
B) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to use their internal conditions to affect their
external environments
C) cats experience no variations in their internal conditions
D) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to maintain relatively constant internal
conditions even when the external environment changes
An individual heterozygous for cystic fibrosis ________.
A) cannot have children with cystic fibrosis
B) is a carrier
C) will have children who are all carriers of cystic fibrosis
D) has cystic fibrosis
For plants, mycorrhizae are______.
A) parasitic
B) mutualistic
C) an adaptation for photosynthesis
D) agricultural pests
Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme?
sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
A) sucrose
B) sucrase
C) glucose
D) fructose
An atom’s ________ are found in its nucleus.
A) neutrons and protons
B) protons only
C) neutrons and electrons
D) electrons, protons, and neutrons
To find the nucleotide sequence of human chromosomes, chromosomes had to be
digested into small fragments and then ________.
A) centrifuged and electrophoresed
B) fingerprinted
C) cloned and sequenced
D) restricted
Histamine ________.
A) causes local blood vessels to dilate
B) attracts natural killer cells
C) stimulates the release of defensive proteins
D) repels phagocytic cells
Sexual reproduction appears to be absent in bdelloid rotifers. Which of these, if found
in this group, would bring into question the idea that they reproduce ONLY asexually?
A) female rotifers with eggs
B) significant differences of two different alleles among different populations (one
population having mostly allele A and one having mostly a).
C) cells in which meiosis occurs
D) related groups (not bdelloid rotifers) which reproduce both sexually and asexually.
The photo below shows ________.
A) a cluster of fern spore capsules
B) a fairy ring
C) an algal cell with extensive thread-like cilia
D) a lichen, a mutually beneficial symbiosis
An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair
mate; all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. If an individual with wavy hair
mates with an individual with straight hair, what is the probability that their child will
have curly hair?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
Non-native species can have important effects on biological communities by ________.
A) preying upon native species only
B) competing with native species for resources only
C) reducing biodiversity only
D) All of these are effects that non-native species can have on biological communities.
Which of the following supplies water and minerals to a typical plant?
A) the air
B) bacteria
C) sunlight
D) the soil
Breathing is regulated by ________.
A) the diaphragm and chest muscles
B) the spinal cord
C) the circulatory system
D) control centers in the brain stem
The possibility that Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan spread an unusual chromosome to
nearly 16 million men living today resulted from studies of ________.
A) proteomics
B) plasmids
C) the X chromosome
D) the Y chromosome
Genetically modifying human ________ cells may directly affect future generations.
A) intestinal
B) immune
C) gametic
D) somatic
Which of the following cell types are specifically responsible for the B cell response?
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) phagocytic cells
D) natural killer cells
Which of the following choices lists the organs of the human alimentary canal in the
CORRECT order?
A) pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine
B) oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
C) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
D) oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
Several students were talking about which came first in the history of the Earth. Which
student has the best understanding of what happened?
A) Photosynthetic producers must have come first to provide food for other organisms.
B) Anaerobic bacteria must have come first because there was no carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
C) Photosynthetic producers must have come first to provide oxygen for other
organisms.
D) Anaerobic organisms must have come first because there was no oxygen in the
atmosphere.
A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ________.
A) sex
B) Down syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) eye color
What are hyphae?
A) symbiotic associations between plant roots and fungi
B) threadlike filaments that make up fungal bodies
C) fungal digestive enzymes
D) fungal spores
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted to humans from a parasite that infects
mosquitoes that feed on humans. World health officials have concerns that climate
change may impact the transmission of malaria into tropical highland areas in Africa. If
these concerns turn out to be valid, they would be evidence for which of the following?
A) Global climate change affects the distribution of species.
B) Global climate change will negatively impact the transmission of malaria only in
Africa.
C) Global climate change affects freshwater and marine biomes.
D) Global climate change will enable scientists to more easily control the spread of
malaria.
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person
yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by
a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory
mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students
to test the effect of ambient carbon dioxide levels on yawning.
The scientists investigated carbon dioxide levels in their experiment because high
carbon dioxide levels in the ________ signal control centers in the brain to increase rate
and depth of inhalations and exhalations.
A) alveoli
B) blood
C) heart muscle
D) pharynx
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Heroin binds to endorphin receptors.
B) Caffeine increases the effects of neurotransmitters that normally suppress nerve
signals.
C) Alcohol is a stimulant.
D) Nicotine is a depressant.
Insects, such as the grasshopper shown below, have ________.
A) eight legs
B) a two-part body: head and abdomen
C) a three-part body: head, thorax, and abdomen
D) no wings
How do New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys?
A) New World monkeys have a prehensile tail.
B) New World monkeys have enhanced depth perception.
C) Old World monkeys are arboreal.
D) Old World monkeys have claws.
In a species, what is required for a new sensory adaptation to evolve by natural
selection?
A) Individuals that needed this trait mutated a sensory receptor to create the new
adaptation.
B) Individuals that possessed this trait produced more offspring than those that did not
possess the trait.
C) Individuals that possessed this trait survived by chance, and passed on the trait to
their offspring.
D) Individuals immigrated to a new area, and brought the trait with them.
Sweating cools your body by ________.
A) cohesion
B) radiation
C) evaporative cooling
D) hydrogen bonding
Which of the following organisms are NOT ultimately dependent on sunlight for
energy?
A) species that live in hydrothermal vent habitats
B) migratory bird species
C) marine species that live in the aphotic zone
D) trees that have experienced “flagging”
Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes
________.
A) make proteins inside the nucleus
B) are found on the plasma membrane
C) are attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus