Dinoflagellates are important to coral and coral-dwelling animals because they
A) produce energy that is used by coral animals through photosynthesis.
B) provide shelter for the fast-growing seaweeds associated with coral.
C) produce CO2 and nitrogen for coral.
D) are toxic to species that prey on reef-dwelling fish.
The Kissimmee River Restoration Project is intended to
A) drain natural wetlands in the central Florida region.
B) increase biodiversity of the region.
C) restrict ecotourism and other recreational usage in the impacted region.
D) provide areas for homes and businesses.
Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle fibers is true?
A) Each muscle fiber is composed of multinucleated cells.
B) Each muscle fiber is composed of globular proteins.
C) Each muscle fiber contains one sarcomere.
D) Each muscle fiber contains actin and myosin.
Which of the following statements is false?
A) In examining proximate behavior in the octopus, scientists might look at behavior in
close relatives, like squid, to seek evidence for the kinds of behaviors demonstrated by
ancestral molluscs.
B) In examining ultimate behavior in bird territory defense, scientists might look at how
the surrounding environment has changed over time.
C) In examining proximate behavior in humans, scientists might examine how
reproduction is affected by endocrine disrupters.
D) In examining ultimate behavior in penguins, scientists might examine how melting
artic ice caps change feeding behavior over many generations.
Which of the following conditions would tend to make the Hardy-Weinberg equation
more accurate for predicting the genotype frequencies of future generations in a
population of a sexually reproducing species?
A) a small population size
B) little gene flow with surrounding populations
C) a tendency on the part of females to mate with the healthiest males
D) mutations that alter the gene pool
Where is the organ of Corti?
A) in the pinna
B) in the inner ear
C) in the middle canal
D) in the Eustachian tube
Where is the antigen-binding site of this antibody?
A) site A
B) site B
C) site C
D) site D
Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?
A) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
B) Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure.
C) Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces.
D) Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA
is the genetic material of bacteriophages?
A) Watson and Crick
B) Hershey and Chase
C) Franklin
D) Pauling
Which of the following statements regarding membrane protein function is false?
A) Membrane proteins serve as enzymes.
B) Membrane proteins act as receptors to molecules like hormones.
C) Membrane proteins form junctions between cells.
D) Membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm.
Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom?
A) the number of protons in the atom
B) the number of electrons in the atom
C) the number of neutrons in the atom
D) the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom
Heartburn is usually caused by the
A) secretion of acid by the lining of the lower esophagus.
B) reflux of chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus.
C) retention of food at the bottom of the esophagus by a sphincter that is reluctant to
open.
D) irritation of the lower esophagus by substances in spicy food.
How many layers of vascular cambium will there be in the trunk of a 10-year-old tree?
A) one
B) two
C) ten
D) thousands
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Under normal conditions, blood sugar levels are controlled within a narrow range by
negative feedback. Two hormones are involved in maintaining blood sugar levels at the
set point (about 90 mg of glucose/100 mL of blood). When blood sugar levels rise
above the set point, the hormone insulin signals the liver to absorb the excess sugar.
When blood sugar levels drop below the set point, the hormone glucagon signals the
liver to release its stored glucose to the bloodstream. In juvenile onset diabetes, the
body doesn’t produce enough insulin and insulin supplements are required.
If you hadn’t eaten for several hours, which hormone would be responsible for returning
your glucose levels to the set point?
A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) liver
D) pancreas
Based on the figure below, answer the questions that follow.
A normal BMI (body mass index) for a person who is 6′ 1″ and weighs 150 pounds
would be
A) approximately 18.5-20.
B) approximately 23-24.
C) approximately 17.5-18.5.
D) approximately 25-26.
A population of 1,000 birds exists on a small Pacific island. Some of the birds are
yellow, a characteristic determined by a recessive allele. The others are green, a
characteristic determined by a dominant allele. A hurricane on the island kills most of
the birds from this population. Only 10 remain, and those birds all have yellow feathers.
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Assuming that no new birds come to the island and no mutations occur, future
generations of this population will contain both green and yellow birds.
B) The hurricane has caused a population bottleneck and a loss of genetic diversity.
C) This situation illustrates the effect of a mutation event.
D) The 10 remaining birds will mate only with each other, and this will contribute to
gene flow in the population.
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
In 2004, scientists announced the discovery of the fossil remains of some extremely
short early humans on the Indonesian island of Flores. The new species has been named
Homo floresiensis. One hypothesis is that H. floresiensis evolved from Homo erectus,
another early human species. How did a population of H. erectus become isolated on
this remote island? Early humans constructed boats and rafts, so perhaps they were
blown far off course by strong winds during a storm.
H. erectus averaged almost 6 feet in height, but the remains show that adults of H.
floresiensis were only about 3 feet tall. It is hypothesized that limited resources on this
hot and humid island (only 31 square miles) exerted selection pressure, and succeeding
generations began to shrink in size. Small bodies require less food, use less energy, and
are easier to cool than larger bodies. Evolution of small size in similar circumstances
has been observed in many other species, but never before in humans. This find
demonstrates that evolutionary forces operate on humans in the same way as on all
other organisms.
The evolution of H. floresiensis is an example of
A) sympatric speciation.
B) allopatric speciation.
C) adaptive radiation.
D) hybridization.
Sunlight is a type of ________ energy.
A) electromagnetic
B) chemical
C) mechanical
D) sound
A logical treatment plan for patients with high ADH levels would include
A) less fluids.
B) more fluids.
C) less potassium.
D) more potassium.
The earliest known flowering plants date to the
A) Paleozoic.
B) Triassic (early Mesozoic era).
C) Cretaceous (late Mesozoic era).
D) Cenozoic.
Without crossing over,
A) cells could not complete meiosis.
B) meiosis could not produce haploid gametes.
C) only a small number of unique gametes could be produced by a single individual.
D) genetic recombination could not occur.
Oxygen moves from blood into the interstitial fluid and then to body cells because
A) it diffuses from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial
pressure.
B) it diffuses from a region of lower partial pressure to a region of higher partial
pressure.
C) it descends down an osmotic gradient, following the movement of water.
D) it diffuses from a higher to a lower pH.
Which part of this figure depicting an eye is the retina?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
Which of the following statements about the energy yields from cellular respiration is
true?
A) Cellular respiration is more efficient at harnessing energy from glucose than car
engines are at harnessing energy from gasoline.
B) Cellular respiration converts all of the energy in glucose into high-energy ATP
bonds.
C) Cellular respiration converts the kinetic energy of glucose into chemical energy.
D) The heat produced during cellular respiration is only a tiny fraction of the chemical
energy available in a glucose molecule.
Sometimes when a person in a movie is stabbed or cut, blood forcefully sprays out of
the wound. This is realistic only if the severed vessel is under a high degree of pressure.
Which of the following vessels, if severed, would result in the most forceful spray of
blood?
A) pulmonary artery
B) inferior vena cava
C) capillaries in the body
D) aorta
When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side
of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will
A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower free water concentration.
B) exhibit a net movement to the side with higher free water concentration.
C) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration.
D) exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane.
Action potentials relay different intensities of information due to the
A) amplitude of action potentials relative to the strength of the stimulus.
B) frequency of action potentials relative to the strength of the stimulus.
C) duration of action potentials relative to the strength of the stimulus.
D) shape of action potentials relative to the strength of the stimulus.
Oxygen-poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the
A) pulmonary arteries.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) superior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava.
The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence
except the fact that
A) mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes.
B) mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes.
C) chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes.
D) chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes.
Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across
A) alveoli.
B) bronchioles.
C) diaphragms.
D) bronchi.
What kind of curve represents exponential growth?
A) ascending straight line
B) J-shaped
C) S-shaped
D) descending straight line