Mortification is a method of purging guilt through self-blame that requires the
confession of sin and a request for forgiveness.
The bulk of persuasive messages are processed through the peripheral route.
Once information is shared, it’s unlikely that it will become private or solely personal
again.
Harding and other standpoint theorists believe that both the physical and social sciences
provide situated knowledge.
Based on CMC’s asynchronous quality, users can send and receive messages
nonsimultaneously.
According to Robert McPhee’s CCO Theory, it is everyday conversations that constitute
an organization.
Geertz developed his approach by counting the interacts and double interacts of each
pairing of individuals.
Whether people meet virtually online or in person is a better predictor of relational
development compared to anticipation of future interaction.
People with a high need for orientation tend to be resistant to the media’s political
priorities.
Cultivation theory predicts that the effects of television viewing are discernible almost
immediately after a person begins watching television.
Quicker decisions can be made using the peripheral route than the central route.
Watzlawick did not consider transitory communication.
Initially, a couple needs abundant interaction with other couples in order to develop a
relational code for their own interactions.
If Outcome > CLalt, then significant self-disclosure is unlikely.
According to Michel Foucault, it is inaccurate to separate signs and symbols from mass
media images.
Accommodation is the same as convergence.
Mead believed that society was based on symbolic naming.
According to Altman, disclosing one’s self is an entirely verbal process.
Petronio believes that no one truly owns their private information.
Third-party mediators in large power distance cultures are usually people who are
honored and respected by both parties in the dispute.
With the rise of new media, agenda-setting no longer exists.
According to Tannen, when women share problems with men they are looking for
understanding, not advice.
Although ethics are very important to the discipline of communication, the National
Communication Association has been unable to agree on any formal principles for
ethical communication.
Aristotle believed that truth has a moral superiority that makes it more acceptable than
falsehood.
The work of Kellermann and Reynolds led to the eighth axiom about uncertainty
reduction.
Hybrids are possible across the seven traditions of communication theory.
Burgoon has found that most nonverbal behaviors are ambiguous when seen in a greater
context.
Once someone becomes a co-owner of disclosed information, each party should have an
equal say in how the information is managed.
Aristotle dedicated a significant portion of the Rhetoric to analysis of ethos.
Metaphor is an important component of the canon of invention.
The Frankfurt School embraced the strict determinism of orthodox Marxism.
Feminists have criticized standpoint theorists’ approach because it underestimates the
importance of language in articulating standpoint.
For Postman, television has costs society more than it has given us in return.
Kramarae acknowledges that men accept women’s statements about the problems of
being heard in a male-dominated society, but argues that they do not allow those
statements to be aired.
Tannen believes that, despite popular mythology, both men and women are primarily
interested in human connection.
The person who coined the term symbolic interactionism was
A.George Herbert Mead.
B.Herbert Blumer.
C.Douglas Hofstadter.
D.Charles Cooley.
The specific process of avoiding information that is discrepant from that which one
already believes is called
A.selective exposure.
B.rationality.
C.predictive selection.
D.cognitive dissonance.
Traditional rhetorical communication is distinguished by
A.a conviction that speech distinguishes humans from other animals.
B.a confidence that public address delivered in a democratic forum is an effective way
to solve political problems.
C.one-way communication.
D.All of the answers are correct
While predicting when a fantasy will ignite has proven difficult for SCT researchers,
which of the following conditions make chaining on more likely?
A.When a group has a clear leader
B.When a group is frustrated with their current circumstances
C.When a group is isolated from other influences
D.When a group lacks a long-term history
Which is the best description of the interplay between “I” and “me”?
A.In constant tension: one is dominant, the other subservient.
B.One replaces or displaces the other: they both aren’t there at the same time.
C.One regulates the other: it’s a collaborative partnership.
D.They transform: As a person develops, one matures into the other.
A social scientist is often appropriately labeled a(n) _____________.
A.empiricist
B.phenomenologist
C.poststructuralist
D.rhetorician
Proposition 6 suggests that by a thoughtful use of shared speech codes, participants can
A.control and predict the behavior of others.
B.guide metacommunication.
C.persuade others to accept their beliefs.
D.discover the fixed laws of a given culture’s speech code.
The public’s perception of professional basketball has been affected by the television
network’s agenda.
The media process that limits the range of alternative ideas and presents these restricted
choices as the only options is
A.oppositional coding.
B.ideological discourses of constraint.
C.economic determinism.
D.micro-level semiotics.
A sign of low ego-involvement is
A.a relatively wide latitude of non-commitment.
B.a narrow or nonexistent latitude of non-commitment.
C.a wide latitude of rejection.
D.None of the answers are correct
Scholars have added to Berger’s original theory an axiom positing that
A.shared communication networks reduce uncertainty.
B.shared communication networks increase uncertainty.
C.anticipation of rewards increases uncertainty.
D.anticipation of rewards reduces uncertainty.
According to Festinger’s minimal justification hypothesis, the best way to affect
long-term attitudinal change is to
A.persuade your subjects that the desired attitude is desirable.
B.persuade your subjects to change their behavior, and their attitudes will follow.
C.use reverse psychology by asking them to believe the opposite.
D.offer your subjects a generous reward or severe punishment as inducement.
According to Tannen, the first step in overcoming destructive responses and
miscommunication between men and women is to
A.understand each other’s styles and the motives behind them.
B.learn to talk as the other gender talks.
C.alter the destructive communication patterns of males.
D.teach women to be more assertive; teach men to be more sensitive.
Stohl and Holmes contend that most real-life groups
A.follow the functional approach.
B.have a prior decision-making history and are imbedded within a larger organization.
C.include a combination of promotive, disruptive, and counteractive utterances.
D.have trouble staying on track and setting goals.
Communicator reward valence is
A.the zone around an individual that it is advantageous to cross.
B.the sum of the positive and negative attributes that the person brings to the encounter.
C.the potential the person has to reward or punish in the future.
D.Both “the sum of the positive and negative attributes that the person brings to the
encounter” and “the potential the person has to reward or punish in the future”
Burgoon’s EVT has been criticized because it
A.does not predict future behavior with adequate accuracy.
B.does not advance a reasonable explanation for the effects of expectancy violations
during communication.
C.is overly complex.
D.does not offer practical advice on how better to achieve important communication
goals of increased credibility, influence, and attraction.
For Shannon, information refers to
A.stuff that matters or anything that makes a difference.
B.the reduction of uncertainty.
C.specific, verifiable facts.
D.All of the answers are correct.
If people can’t accurately report their own motives for media usage, which evaluation
criteria is in question?
A.Predictability
B.Simplicity
C.Testability
D.Utility
Within a group that has successfully sparked a fantasy chain:
A.No need to rely on symbolic cues to trigger the fantasy.
B.Emotions and motives seem to dissipate.
C.The group begins to have a more objective viewpoint than it had before.
D.The same theme often appears across multiple stories.
Turbulence results from which of the following situations?
A.Lizzy is unsure exactly what she can and can’t share about Betty’s crush on Greg.
B.Lizzy knows Betty would rather people didn’t know she has a crush on Greg, but she
thinks if he knew, Greg might reciprocate Betty’s feelings.
C.Lizzy tells Betty’s roommate Jess about the crush; she thought she already knew.
D.All of the answers are correct
The rhetorical tradition
A.stems from the work of I. A. Richards.
B.is the oldest of the seven traditions featured in this chapter.
C.developed as communication scholars responded to mass media.
D.emphasizes logic, rather than emotion and style.
Which of the following theorists would be most appropriately identified as a social
constructionist?
A.Karl Barthes
B.Judee Burgoon
C.Barnett Pearce
D.Julia Wood
Which of the following best completes this sentence to boil down relational dialectics
into one phrase: relationships are __________________________.
A.beneficial
B.messy
C.predictable
D.time-consuming
Uncertainty reduction theory has been criticized because
A.theorem 17 and axiom 3 are problematic.
B.some research suggests that predicted outcome value more accurately explains
communication in early encounters.
C.most of the interest it has generated has been outside the discipline of
communication.
D.Both “theorem 17 and axiom 3 are problematic” and ‘some research suggests that
predicted outcome value more accurately explains communication in early encounters”
The hierarchy-serpentine model suggests that
A.even a ‘simple” conversation is an incredibly complex and open-ended process.
B.rules are the key to successful coordinated management of meaning.
C.we need to return to a linear theory of communication such as the one championed by
Shannon and Weaver.
D.every social utterance consists of at least six simultaneous conversations.
To explain self-disclosure, Altman and Taylor compare the human psyche to a(n)
A.flower.
B.sea shell.
C.onion.
D.body of water.
Empirical studies have caused Walther to question which of SIP’s basic premises?
A.Relationships developed in cyberspace form at a slower pace than those developed
face-to-face
B.Relational intimacy is possible in on-line relationships
C.Impressions are developed through text-only messages
D.People can develop attachments without ever meeting face-to-face
Community-based action research is
A.a collaborative approach to investigation that seeks to engage community members
as full and equal participants in the research process.
B.roughly equivalent to participant observation.
C.a process by which surveys developed at the community level are submitted to
centralized action research centers for analysis.
D.Both “collaborative approach to investigation that seeks to engage community
members as full and equal participants in the research process” and “roughly equivalent
to participant observation”
Symbolic interactionism has been faulted because
A.Mead formulated its central tenets too narrowly.
B.it may overstate the importance of language to personhood.
C.it relies too heavily on experimentation.
D.None of the answers are correct
Which of the following components is NOT a feature of a rhetorical vision?
A.Characters
B.Interpretive schemes
C.Plot lines
D.Sanctioning agents
For empirical or scientific theorists, there is one reality out there waiting to be
discovered through ___________________
Compared to face-to-face messages, what is the ratio that Walther suggests it takes
CMC relationships to reach the same intimacy level?___________
According to Deetz, ______________________ is/are the dominant force in society.
For those with real-life experiences with violence, the _____________ process can
amplify the cultivation effects.
In Rubin’s typology, each category includes both ______________ and a
________________.
The hyperpersonal perspective explicitly predicts possible negative relational outcomes
associated with CMC.
According to Kant, we have a duty without exception, otherwise known as _________,
to treat all people the same.
All four flows Communicative Constitution of Organizations Theory are
_____________ for organization.
Petronio prefers the term/phrase _____________________________ instead of
self-disclosure.
____________________ arises out of social interaction.
A classic or prototypical example of a collectivistic culture is
________________________.
For the _________________ theorist, theory is less about proving something and more
about meaning.
According to Baxter, what dialectical tension is most central to relationship
development?_____________________
Ting-Toomey suggests that beyond individualism-collectivism, we need to consider
__________________ or how cultures deal with status differences to understand how
people manage conflict.
For Emmanuel Levinas, the identity of a person’s “I” is formed by
____________________.
According to URT, as ___________________________________ is increased,
uncertainty is reduced.
While convergence is moving closer to the other communication, _________________
is strategically separating one’s self from the other.