According to Watzlawick, families must seek the interpretive frame that is real and true.
McLuhan held that we should focus attention on the everyday uses of technology.
Hall doubts the scientific community’s potential to find any useful answers to important
questions about media influence.
Philipsen argues that all members of a culture exclusively use a singular, shared speech
code.
Agreement among the community of scholars is indicative of a good interpretive theory.
Burke was discovered for the field of speech by Edna St. Vincent Millay in the early
1950s.
Rhetoric has been defined as the discovery in each case of the available means of
persuasion.
In Nacirema, speech is reserved for symmetrical relationships with people matched on
age, sex, ethnicity, occupational status, and neighborhood location.
Scientists believe that there is only one reality “out there” and that truth is therefore
singular.
In a secondary (connotative) system, the meaning of the original denotative system is
impoverished.
The elaboration likelihood model provides an innovative technique for distinguishing
between cogent and specious arguments.
Dramatizing messages emphasis something other than the “here and now” reality.
Just because people are talking to each other doesn’t mean they are an organization.
Codetermination represents the collaborative constructions of self, other, and the world.
EVT has testable hypotheses that Burgoon is willing to adjust when her tests don’t
support the prediction.
Scholars generally agree on a definition of communication.
Burgoon concludes that when the communicator reward valence conflicts with the
behavior valence, the former is more influential.
Persuasion for Burke was a communicator’s attempt to get the audience to accept his or
her view of reality as true.
Katz proposed that audiences are passive targets who are just waiting to be hit by a
magic bullet.
Burgoon uses the term communicator reward valence to label the sum of the positive
and negative attributes that the person brings to the encounter plus the potential he or
she has to reward or punish in the future.
Douglas Kellner uses Barthes’ approach to support his claim that Madonna’s media
image perpetuates negative stereotypes of women.
Montgomery suggests that living in the midst of contradictions can actually be fun.
Gerald Kosicki, who wrote the definitive account of four presidential elections,
concluded that the media shaped election campaigns.
Mead used statistical experiments to verify his theory.
Philipsen defines the Nacirema culture by speech practices rather than geographical
boundaries or ethnic boundaries.
In their initial research, McCombs and Shaw found a nearly perfect correlation between
the media’s and the public’s ordering of priorities.
In order to elaborate on a message one needs the opportunity to concentrate.
Fisher holds that all forms of human communication need to be seen fundamentally as
stories.
The phonetic alphabet transformed the world into a global village.
The meaning of unexpected touch is unequivocal.
Uses and grats approach focuses on the competition between media messages, but stops
short of considering how media competes with non-mediated activities.
Although Burke identified victimage in his analyses of speeches, he did not endorse the
practice.
Stories repeated over and over provide a convenient window through which to view
corporate webs of significance.
CMM is
A.an impressive macrotheory of face-to-face communication.
B.the most comprehensive statement of social constructionism crafted by
communication theorists.
C.an elegant extension of information theory.
D.Both “an impressive macrotheory of face-to-face communication” and “the most
comprehensive statement of social constructionism crafted by communication theorists”
Face-giving is a facework strategy that privileges
A.concern for others.
B.self-face.
C.the maintenance of one’s unique place in life.
D.None of the answers are correct
The interpretive scholar strives for
A.prediction.
B.control.
C.meaning.
D.All of the answers are correct
Social exchange theory predicts that a battered wife will leave her husband only when
A.CLalt > Outcome.
B.CLalt < Outcome.
C.CL > Outcome.
D.CL < Outcome.
According to the National Communication Association’s ethical credo, communication
scholars:
A.Who are concerned with ethics approach communication strictly from a rhetorical
position.
B.Are less concerned with the outcome of a person’s actions than the intent.
C.Believe an examination of the motives of a communicator fall outside the boundaries
of an acceptable area for scholarship.
D.Examine messages according to ethical duty or obligation to rightness or wrongness.
Self-construal refers to
A.Americans’ concern for self-face.
B.the relational connectedness that is emphasized by the interdependent self.
C.the degree to which people conceive of themselves as relatively autonomous from, or
connected to, others.
D.the type of face maintenance an individual chooses to deal with conflict.
Above all else, managerialism prizes
A.control.
B.participatory democracy.
C.involvement.
D.Both “control” and “involvement”
If one wishes to study the communicative patterns of a culture by immersing oneself in
that culture, all the while observing what is going on, one is engaged in
A.textual analysis.
B.cross-cultural immersion.
C.ethnography.
D.in-depth survey research.
Reframing occurs when one
A.changes the punctuation.
B.creates paradoxes.
C.uses a relational message.
D.None of the answers are correct
The purpose of thick description is to
A.help managers improve the flow of communication.
B.create a better understanding of what it takes to function within a given culture.
C.isolate key independent variables.
D.None of the answers are correct
In performing a Burkean analysis of President Bush’s addresses, I conclude that Bush is
a master at stirring up idealism and the American dream. My friend Wesley, also a
rhetorical critic, concluded instead that Bush tends to emphasis pragmaticism and is
“too practical” a speaker. Using Burke’s pentad, what’s the right answer?
A.I’m right: Bush emphases agent with a motive of idealism.
B.Wesley’s right: Bush’s main point is about agent and pragmaticism.
C.Neither is right: Political speakers cannot be analyzed via the pentad.
D.Both are right: Rhetorical criticism doesn’t suggest a singular “right” answer.
Hirokawa and Gouran are particularly wary of
A.overrationalizing the decision-making process.
B.neglecting the historical and institutional functions.
C.gut feelings unsupported by reasonable evidence.
D.groups whose tasks have positive bias.
The diaries, journals, letters, oral histories, and other forms of discourse that women use
to discuss their experiences are labeled
A.sub-masculine.
B.minding.
C.sub-version.
D.anti-masculine.
Steve is a card-carrying member of Opportunity International, an organization that
provides opportunities for people in chronic poverty through small business loans. This
would suggest that he has ________________ on the issue of helping the poor.
A.high ego-involvement
B.low ego-involvement
C.a large latitude of non-commitment
D.a small latitude of rejection
High source credibility has the effect of
A.strengthening the anchor point.
B.making the latitude of acceptance larger.
C.making the latitude of rejection larger.
D.None of the answers are correct
The ultimate goal of muted group theory is to
A.transcend the “normal” world and place women in a special place.
B.reduce the status of men and increase that of women.
C.return to an earlier era of stable gender roles.
D.change the man-made linguistic system that keeps women “in their place.”
The Swiss linguist who coined the term semiology in the early 1900s was
A.Roland Barthes.
B.Ferdinand de Saussure.
C.Jacques Semion.
D.Douglas Kellner.
Although Burgoon originally stated that people felt physiologically aroused when their
proxemic expectations were violated, she
A.now views arousal as a side effect of a partner’s deviation.
B.softened the concept of arousal to an orienting response or a mental alertness that
focuses attention on the violator.
C.no longer considers arousal as a necessary link between expectancy violation and
communication outcomes such as attraction, credibility, persuasion, and involvement.
D.All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is not one of the values that Fisher believes shapes our logic of
good reasons?
A.beauty
B.health
C.rationality
D.justice
Which theory suggested that people expend a great deal of effort to avoid turbulence in
their relationships?
A.Coordinated Management of Meaning
B.Cultivation theory
C.Media Ecology
D.Communication Privacy Management
Baxter and Montgomery are convinced that personal relationships
A.are explainable using a basic set of axioms.
B.defy any explanation.
C.are indeterminate processes of ongoing flux.
D.are best studied using the scientific method.
Tannen believes that, more than anything else, men seek
A.control.
B.human understanding.
C.human connection.
D.status.
In analyzing the public’s priorities, McCombs and Shaw considered the opinions of
voters who were
A.undecided.
B.committed to leading candidates.
C.committed to underdog candidates.
D.All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is not a requisite function of effective decision making?
A.problem analysis
B.goal setting
C.appropriate questioning
D.identification of alternatives
Muted group theory has been criticized because it
A.relies too heavily on empirical data.
B.has not adequately considered issues of power and dominance.
C.has ignored the issue of sexual harassment.
D.is difficult to prove the assumption that men are trying to control women.
Which of the following is not a strategy covered by Berger for reducing uncertainty?
A.passive strategy
B.interactive strategy
C.hedging
D.unobtrusive observation strategy
According to Festinger, the $1/$20 experiment illustrates
A.the greater the reward, the more likely a person will behave counter-attitudinally.
B.dissonance is created by a person doing something for a smaller reward.
C.there is a gender difference associated with cognitive dissonance.
D.people will lie when asked to by a world-renowned researcher.
In the Feminist Dictionary, the term for the human story as told by women about
women is
A.gossip.
B.herstory.
C.sub-version.
D.femalestream.
Robert Craig argues that the field of communication theory is confusing if we
A.desire a top-down, satellite picture of the communication landscape.
B.concern ourselves with real people grappling with everyday problems and practices
of communication.
C.approach communication as a practical discipline.
D.seek to identify established traditions that offer distinct, alternative vocabularies
describing different ways of conceptualizing communication problems and practices.
The focus of cognitive dissonance is
A.attitude change.
B.behavior modification.
C.belief discrepancy.
D.All of the answers are correct
The culture of Nacirema
A.is located primarily in certain cities on the West Coast of the United States.
B.covers the entire West Coast of the United States.
C.is practiced by a majority of Americans.
D.is limited primarily to television talk shows.
Sandra Petronio prefers to use which of the following terms when describing the central
action of her theory?
A.Disclosure of private information
B.Interactive intimacy
C.Self-disclosure
D.Self-other revelation
Which of the following was not posed as a metaphor for theories?
A.Lenses
B.Mirrors
C.Maps
D.Nets
Which of the following is not a major concern of critical theorists?
A.The control of language to perpetuate power imbalances.
B.The difficulty in establishing falsifiability of media theories.
C.The role of mass media in dulling sensitivity to repression.
D.Blind reliance on the scientific method and uncritical acceptance of empirical
findings.
A __________________________________ is a “deal with the Devil” is an exchange
that at first seems beneficial but may come at a high price.
As uncertainty is reduced, ___________________________________ is reduced.
____________________ is transparent conversation that often creates unanticipated
relational outcomes due to parties’ profound respect for disparate voices.
According to Em, the biggest shift from rational to narrative paradigms is who is
qualified to assess the quality of communication from _____________________ to
_______________________.
Answer:experts; layperson/anyone
The sharing of fantasy themes creates ________________.
According to Muted group theory, a muted group is not always completely
_________________________.
Though he doesn’t see the powerless as able to enact wide spread change, Hall does
advocate that one way the audience can reclaim some power is how they decode. He
suggests they can operate within the dominant code, apply a negotiated code, or
_________________________.
Social penetration theory predicts that for someone who leaves an abusive partner, their
relationship falls short of their _____________________________.
Group members that hold a _______________ vision place value on practical or
everyday answers.
The counterintuitive minimal justification hypothesis suggests ___________ precedes
or can change attitude.
The constant movement towards or away from others by changing behavior is referred
to as _________________________.
__________________________ is another name for relative simplicity.
To rely on the audience’s perception of a speaker’s credibility is to use _____________
proof in an address.
A person’s _________________ of acceptance, rejection, or noncommitment reflects
the cognitive structure of opinions.
The four flows of the Communicative Constitution of Organizations Theory concern
who is a _____________ of the organization, how these members _____________ their
working relationships, how they _____________ their work, and how the organization
_____________ itself with other people and organizations.