An ethical dilemma is the quandary people experience when they must decide whether
or not they should act in a way that benefits someone else, even if it harms others and
isn’t in their own interest.
The first stage of Pondy’s model of organizational conflict is perceived conflict.
A cognitive bias that causes managers to overestimate the extent to which the outcomes
of an action are under their personal control is referred to as the “halo effect.”
Natural selection is the process that ensures the survival of the organizations that have
the skills and abilities that best fit with the environment.
The environment of an organization is considered to be unstable and dynamic if the
organization cannot predict the way in which the forces will change over time.
Horizontal differentiation leads to the emergence of specialized subunits-functions or
divisions.
A manager who has direct responsibility for the production of goods and services is said
to be holding a staff role.
According to Weber, rational-legal authority emerges due to qualities that a person
possess, such as charisma or wealth.
A flat organization has fewer managers and hierarchical levels than a tall organization.
The most appropriate structure for unit and small-batch technology is an organic
structure.
A typical characteristic of an organic structure is standardization of behavior through
rules and procedures.
Technology is used at all three stages in the value creation process: input, conversion,
and output.
As organizations age, they tend to become less flexible and innovative.
A “population of organizations” comprises the organizations that are going through the
same stage of organizational life cycle at the same time.
The richer the environment, the more difficult it is for organizations to obtain resources.
In the long run, an organization that follows unethical practices tends to spend more on
research and development and less on advertising and managerial salaries.
Informing (by an employee) an outside person or agency, such as a government agency
or a newspaper or television reporter, about an organization’s (its managers’) illegal or
immoral behavior is known as whistle-blowing.
Inert cultures encourage risk taking by middle and lower-level managers.
The introduction in 1971 of Intel’s 4004 microprocessor, the first “computer on a chip”
ever produced, is an example of a(n) ________ innovation.
A) normative
B) quantum
C) mimetic
D) incremental
Which of the following is a difference between an integrating role and a liaison role?
A) A liaison role is a more complex integrating mechanism than an integrating role.
B) An integrating role is a full-time managerial position whereas a liaison role is a task
involved in a full-time job.
C) The ranking of employees is irrelevant for the integrating role whereas it becomes
very significant in the liaison role.
D) An integrating role’s influence is limited to a single department whereas a liaison
role’s influence extends across multiple departments.
In Pondy’s model of organizational conflict, which of the following stages comes
immediately after “latent conflict”?
A) felt conflict
B) perceived conflict
C) manifest conflict
D) conflict aftermath
A U.S. auto manufacturer establishes plants in Europe and in Asia. This is an example
of a (n) ________.
A) vertical integration
B) global expansion
C) horizontal integration
D) unrelated diversification
Which of the following organizations is most likely to use the incrementalist model for
decision-making?
A) a biotechnology company that operates in a dynamic environment
B) a dominant manufacturer of printing papers that operates in a stable environment
C) a software services company that operates in a very competitive environment
D) a pharmaceutical company that operates in a complex and highly uncertain
environment because it has many groups of stakeholders
A complex organization that is differentiated to a large extent needs a(n) ________.
A) high level of integration to coordinate its activities effectively
B) informal operating procedures and controls
C) lesser number of supporting functions and managers
D) simpler method of integrating the organizational departments
Under which of the following situations are managers most likely to use functional
structure?
A) The organization produces a large number of different products.
B) The organization can easily measure the cost of each function’s contribution to the
development of each product.
C) The organization produces products in several different geographic locations.
D) The organization sells its products to only one major type of customer.
________ costs are the costs associated with negotiating, monitoring, and governing
exchanges between people.
A) Historical
B) Sunk
C) Transaction
D) Opportunity
A company pursuing a multidomestic strategy generally operates with a ________
structure.
A) global matrix
B) global product team
C) multidivisional matrix
D) global geographic
The force-field theory of organizational change is developed by ________.
A) Frederick Herzberg
B) Kurt Lewin
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Douglas McGregor
In an organization, the position of the ________ is one of trusteeship.
A) managers
B) members of the board of directors
C) customers
D) government
________ is the technology that involves groups of skilled workers who interact closely
to produce custom-designed products.
A) Mass production
B) Engineering technology
C) Craftswork
D) Progressive manufacturing
To manage organizational politics and gain its benefits, an organization must ________.
A) centralize decision-making authority at the top-management level
B) use a tall hierarchy of authority
C) establish a balance of power in which alternative views and solutions can be offered
D) use the 360 degrees appraisal system for performance evaluation
Rites of ________ mark an individual’s entry to, promotion in, and departure from the
organization.
A) passage
B) enhancement
C) responsibility
D) integration
The ________ strategy does not require coordination of activities on a global level
because value-creation activities are handled locally, by country or world region.
A) international
B) multidomestic
C) global
D) transnational
Organic structures result when ________.
A) organizational authority is not delegated
B) integrative mechanisms are relatively simple
C) standard operating procedures are used to coordinate tasks
D) work processes are relatively unpredictable
A computer manufacturer was concerned about its effectiveness, so it eliminated a level
in its hierarchy and decentralized decision-making authority. Which of the following
approaches is it using to evaluate organizational effectiveness?
A) external resource approach
B) internal system approach
C) technical approach
D) transaction cost approach
________ concentrate their competences and skills to compete for resources in a single
niche.
A) Organizations pursuing r-strategy
B) Generalist organizations
C) Organizations pursuing K-strategy
D) Specialist organizations
With reference to the types of production technologies identified by Joan Woodward,
which of the following technologies, when operated at full capacity, has the lowest
production costs?
A) sequential-process
B) small-batch
C) continuous-process
D) mass production
Programmed decisions are ________.
A) creative
B) novel
C) unstructured
D) repetitive
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization that
implements TQM?
A) The organization uses centralized decision-making.
B) The managers in the organization assume the role of supervisor rather than
facilitator.
C) The employees in the organization are empowered.
D) The organization has tall hierarchy of authority.
Lee jeans meets customer demand by sending computer requests from stores to the
manufacturing departments as jeans sell out in stores. Lee’s manufacturing department
then pulls in raw materials, such as cloth and thread, from suppliers as it needs them.
This information indicates that Lee uses ________.
A) traditional mass production
B) computer-aided designing (CAD)
C) six sigma strategy for managing quality of the products
D) computer-aided-materials management (CAMM)