Differences in both the cultural and physical environment across countries call for a
_________________________ strategy.
a. product and communication extension–dual extension
b. product invention
c. product extension–communications adaptation
d. product adaptation–communications extension
e. product and communications adaptation–dual adaptation
Because emerging markets have underdeveloped infrastructure:
a. they cannot afford the best products from MNCs.
b. they can leapfrog old technology.
c. they are more eager to adopt new products.
d. R&D efforts are centered in these markets to generate new ideas.
e. distribution channels will be easier to set up.
The underlying goal of _________________ in creating a strategic alliance is to
sustain the firm’s leadership position by learning new skills, getting access to new
markets and developing new technologies.
a. offense
b. defense
c. catch-up
d. remain
e. restructure
When a brand faces a crisis in key markets like China, one PR expert suggested that the
company should respond within
a. One hour
b. Eight hours
c. One week
d. Two weeks
e. One month
One alternative for successful marketing to the price sensitive low per-capita income
market is to produce a ________________ product or lower product quality.
a. downsized
b. upgraded
c. synthetic
d. copy
e. parallel
___________________ is an umbrella term used to describe unconventional trade-
financing transactions that involve some form of noncash compensation.
a. Local-currency price stability (LCPS)
b. Pricing-to-market (PTM)
c. Arm’s length pricing
d. Countertrade
e. Nonmarket-based pricing
Approximately how many databases (that can be used to help with international
trade) are available online in the world?
a. 1,000
b. 3,000
c. 4,000
d. 5,000
e. 6,000
Increased demand for Asian _____________ has helped the region rebound quickly
from the 1997 currency crisis.
a. exports
b. imports
c. commodities
d. fruit
e. cars
A unique feature of international marketing is its ________________ orientation
withemphasis on product and promotional adaptation in foreign markets.
a. geocentric
b. regiocentric
c. ethnocentric
d. polycentric
e. egocentric
If the firm decides to opt for different segments on a country-by-country basis, the
norm is to also __________________ the positioning appeals.
a. externalize
localize
internalize
d. globalize
e. none of the above
Multinational firms using profit gained in a market where they have a strong
competitive position to beef up their competitive position in a weak market is referred
to as the:
a. cross-exploration of markets.
b. cross-harmonization of markets.
c. cross-homogenization of markets.
d. cross-subsidization of markets.
e. none of the above.
Black & Decker, a U.S. hand tool manufacturer, adopted a(n)
__________________ perspective by standardizing and streamlining components such
as motors and rotors while maintaining a wide range of product lines creating a
universal image for its products.
a. international marketing
b. global marketing
c. multinational marketing
d. export marketing
e. concentric marketing
Scanning data are also increasingly used for ________________________.
a. sample management
b. electronic management
the Internet management
category management
supply management
The external market adjustment concerns __________________ or a nation’s
currency and its value with respect to the currencies of other nations.
a. exchange rates
b. budget rates
c. bond rates
d. security rates
e. countertrade rates
_________________________ usually provide tax- and duty-free treatment of
production facilities whose output is meant to be exported.
a. Gray products processing zones
b. High-tech processing zones
c. Maquiladora processing zones
d. Export processing zones
e. Import processing zones
Point-of-sale (POS) store scanners obtain sales movement data from
the _____________________ of retail outlets.
a. checkout scanner tapes
b. company headquarter
c. regional warehouses
d. international warehouses
e. none of the above
The ‘global citizen’ theme encourages:
a. local positioning.
b. regional positioning.
c. bi-lateral positioning.
d. universal positioning.
e. none of the above.
Cooperative exporting is also called:
a. specialist exporting.
b. lean exporting.
c. long-range exporting.
d. backward exporting.
e. piggyback exporting.
U.S. automobile and consumer electronics manufacturers in the 1960s and 1970s
are examples of a(an):
a. multicentric orientation.
b. polycentric orientation.
c. ethnocentric orientation.
d. bicentric orientation.
e. egocentric orientation.
Unilever’s Sustainable Living Plan has a
a. One-year horizon
b. Five-year horizon
c. Ten-year horizon
d. Twenty-year horizon
e. Fifty-year horizon
Research has shown that if Nike or Reebok were to be transporting their footwear
from plants in Asia to the United States, they would probably choose which of the
following transportation modes?
a. ocean shipping
b. air freight
c. truck
d. rail
e. barge
The prime motive for the waterfall model (in introducing new products on a global
scale) is that the customization of the product for the foreign market is:
a. impractical.
b. very expensive.
c. time consuming.
d. promotionally limited.
e. not supported by top management.
Another name for gray market channels is _________________.
a. positioned imports
b. concentric marketing
c. strategic entry imports
d. parallel imports
e. sidebar hedging
Two positioning strategies available to international marketers include:
a. uniform and computerized positioning strategies.
b. uniform and regional positioning strategies.
c. universal and localized positioning strategies.
d. uniform and localized positioning strategies.
e. none of the above.