Which of the following is an advantage of the observational method over the
communication method of gathering primary data?
a. versatility
b. speed
c. cost savings
d. objectivity
e. none of the above
An experimental design
a. is one in which the investigator has direct control over at least one independent
variable.
b. is less capable of providing evidence of causal relationships than is an exploratory
design.
c. is less internally valid than a descriptive study.
d. is an example of ex’‘post’‘facto research.
e. limits one to supplying evidence of concomitant variation.
If the correlation between two variables x and y is equal to ‘‘.90, which of the following
is TRUE?
a. x and y are highly related, whereby a positive change in x is accompanied by a
positive change in y
b. the two variables x and y are not related to one another
c. x and y are highly related, whereby a negative change in x is accompanied by a
positive change in y
d. the coefficient of determination is equal to ‘‘.81
e. c and d above
A grocery store manager decided to investigate whether slower moving items would
sell quicker if these items were displayed at the end of the grocery store aisles or with a
special florescent shelf tag displaying the price. The manager is interested in these
nonprice reduction promotions because the store has only a small markup on these
items. The manager decides to use end of aisle displays, shelf markers, and no special
markers for four weeks each measuring unit sales at the end of each week. The
following sales patterns were observed:
How many degrees of freedom does the denominator of the F ratio in the ANOVA table
have?
a. 2
b. 11
c. 9
d. 6
e. none of the above
The parameters of a model of the form y1/2 = x1ß
a. can be estimated employing transformations and the simple linear regression model.
b. cannot be estimated employing transformations and the simple linear regression
model.
c. requires the multiple regression model without transformations be employed to
estimate them.
d. requires the multiple regression model with transformations be employed to estimate
them.
e. cannot be estimated with regression analysis.
For simple random sampling the mean of all possible sample means is equal to the
population mean when which of the following conditions is true? Choose the best
possible answer.
a. Sampling is with replacement.
b. Sampling is with or without replacement.
c. Sampling is from an infinite population.
d. Sampling is from a finite population.
e. Sampling is with or without replacement and from an infinite or finite population.
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. With the method of equal-appearing intervals, the final scale should have statements
that cover the range of favorable to unfavorable.
b. The final form of the Thurstone (equal-appearing interval) scale typically contains
approximately 20-22 statements that are relatively equal in scale value with
interquartile ranges as small as practical.
c. The Thurstone scale does not allow respondents to express the intensity of their
feelings.
d. a and b.
e. a, b, and c.
The three common types of experimental designs are
a. pre’‘experimental; true experimental; and post’‘experimental.
b. true’‘experimental; post’‘experimental; quasi’‘experimental.
c. true’‘experimental; quasi’‘experimental; regular experimental.
d. quasi’‘experimental; true’‘experimental; pre’‘experimental.
e. quasi’‘experimental; pre’‘experimental; regular experimental.
The main aim of editing is to
a. ensure that the analysis is valid.
b. impose maximum quality standards on the raw data.
c. establish a balance between costs and accuracy.
d. establish codes for the raw data.
e. establish minimum quality standards for the raw data.
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Multiple-choice questions tend to bias results by the order in which the alternatives
are given.
b. An important advantage of open-ended questions is that respondents may answer
them in their own words and are not limited to a set of alternative answers.
c. Because respondents are able to better clarify their answers with open-ended
questions than with other types of questions, the results can be more easily coded by the
researcher.
d. b and c.
e. a, b, and c.
The principles of oral report preparation include all of the following except
a. leave 15 to 20 minutes for questions.
b. know the audience.
c. have an organized report.
d. use appropriate visual aids.
e. keep the presentation simple.
In order to calculate sample sizes for a stratified random sample, you need the
following information:
a. variability of each strata.
b. cost per observation in each strata.
c. size of each strata.
d. a and b.
e. a, b, and c.
Noncoverage biases
a. do not affect standard error formulas.
b. can be eliminated by increasing the sample size.
c. are small in comparison to sampling errors.
d. can be eliminated by a number of methods.
e. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a potential source of internal secondary data?
a. cash register receipts
b. trade magazines
c. warranty cards
d. financial records
e. all of the above are potential sources
Which of the following statements about Likert summated rating scales is FALSE?
a. The subject indicates his/her degree of agreement or disagreement with each
statement.
b. Statements are classified a priori as being favorable or unfavorable.
c. The sample used to screen statements need not be representative of the population on
whom the scale is to be used.
d. Members of the screening sample respond to each statement with reference to a
particular attitude object.
e. The essential task assigned subjects is the same when using the scale as it is when
developing the scale.
Panels reduce interviewer’‘respondent interaction bias through
a. repetitive contact.
b. rapport between the individuals.
c. the use of open’‘ended questions.
d. a and b.
e. all of the above reduce interviewer’‘respondent interaction biases.
Which of the following statements regarding the use of rating scale versus rank order
judgments in conjoint analysis is FALSE?
a. The rating scale method is currently more popular.
b. A fundamental premise underlying the rank order method is that it makes the
judgment task as close as possible to a consumer’s behavior while actually shopping.
c. Rating scale data are easier to analyze.
d. When the rating method is used, subjects are asked to make relative judgments with
respect to their preference for one alternative versus another.
e. a and d.
Insight’‘stimulating example research exhibits which of the following features?
a. The investigator has a receptive attitude to new explanations of a phenomena.
b. The investigator needs to possess good integrative abilities.
c. The investigator attempts to explain both the unique and common features of each
case.
d. Cases reflecting extremes of behavior are particularly productive.
e. All of the above are features of the analysis of selected cases.
Code words, letters or numbers used by security and intelligence organizations to form
secret codes are examples of what type of scales?
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio
e. none of the above
Research evidence supports the contention that
a. sex of respondents and interviewers does NOT influence the answers in a survey.
b. Negro interviewers are likely to obtain more information on consumption
expenditures in a predominantly white neighborhood.
c. it is better to have an old interviewer interview a young respondent and vice versa so
as to keep the interview from wandering off the intended topic into areas of mutual
interest.
d. the further the social distance between the interviewer and the respondent the greater
the bias.
e. by requiring the interviewer to complete the questionnaire, it can be determined if
there is a pattern between the interviewer’s answers and the answers he or she secures
when administering the questionnaire.