True / False
1. Investors in developing countries face minimal risk that environmental standards in those countries will become
stricter over time and therefore is a competitive advantage in locating manufacturing facilities there.
a. True
b. False
2. The GATT allows member nations to impose tariffs on imported products that are not “sustainably” produced (that is,
that are produced in ways that cause harm to the environment).
a. True
b. False
3. Under principles of customary international law, no state has the right to use or to permit the use of its territory in a
manner causing serious consequences or injury if the injury can be demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence.
a. True
b. False
4. Many developing nations in order to attract foreign investment have decided not to enforce their labor and
environmental laws.
a. True
b. False
5. The central problem in environmental law lies in determining which man has created activities that alter the
environment to an unacceptable extent.
a. True
b. False
6. Conservationists have sought international environmental legal relief through dispute resolution, import bans, and
multilateral treaties.
a. True
b. False
7. One dispute resolution mechanism used frequently in international disputes over the environment is binding
adjudication.
a. True
b. False
8. Environmental issues are generally limited to cross-border pollution such a between the United States and Mexico.
a. True
b. False
9. One example of a global solution to a global environmental problem is a multilateral agreement concerning depletion
of the ozone layer and the production of chlorofluorocarbons.
a. True
b. False
10. American law fails to regulate pesticides that are exported to other countries.
a. True
b. False
11. Before a U.S. firm can export hazardous waste to a foreign country, they must have written consent from that
government delivered to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
a. True
b. False
12. Due to the influence of chemical industry lobbyists, the United States Congress has no regulations over the export of
chemicals to developing nations.
a. True
b. False
13. Most of the developing countries of Africa and Latin America are free from the environmental pollution of the
heavily industrialized nations.
a. True
b. False
14. Developing countries are enforcing their respective environmental laws in order to reduce their industrial and
transportation emissions.
a. True
b. False
15. Nations have made considerable progress in putting into effect regional agreements for the prevention of marine
pollution.
a. True
b. False
16. Countries of the South Pacific have been very successful in enforcing strict environmental safeguards and have
entered into regional environmental cooperation to combat creeping pollution.
a. True
b. False
17. The United Nations has done very little to address the issues of environmental matters due to the individual member
nations’ desire to advance their economic growth at the expense of pollution.
a. True
b. False
18. The Basel Convention on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes has been adopted by over 150 nations.
a. True
b. False
19. The Basel Convention prohibits shipments of hazardous wastes by a signatory country to a country that has not
signed the convention.
a. True
b. False
20. The most important aspect of the Basel Convention has been that the signatory nations succeeded in defining what
constitutes hazardous waste and therefore gain the acceptance of member nations in enacting strict environmental
laws.
a. True
b. False
21. Because of the lack of international agreement to protect the ozone layer from damage by chemical emissions into
the atmosphere, firms operating in developing countries will be able to continue to emit ozone damaging chemicals in
the future.
a. True
b. False
22. Under the Montreal Protocol, trade in chlorofluorocarbons is strictly controlled.
a. True
b. False
23. Developing nations tend to oppose extensive international environmental regulation because it impairs their ability to
profit from less-sophisticated production techniques.
a. True
b. False
24. There is no U.S. law forbidding the export of pesticides banned in the U.S. to foreign countries.
a. True
b. False
25. The U.S. prohibits the export of pesticides not approved by the U.S. EPA.
a. True
b. False
26. The “circle of poison” refers to the importation of crops produced in developing nations using pesticides banned in the
U.S.
a. True
b. False
27. The environmental regulations in developed economies are rationalized to protect the global environment and
encourage developing economies to enact similar environmental laws.
a. True
b. False
28. The export restrictions of hazardous materials under the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act are less
onerous compared to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
a. True
b. False
29. The World Trade Organization has been successful in imposing the environmental policies of developed nations upon
all the developing economies members to enact such policies and compliance.
a. True
b. False
30. The Kyoto Protocol has been a resounding success for member nations that are signatories in reaching the
quantitative goals.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice
31. Under NAFTA’s Environmental Side Agreements:
a. Mexican environmental laws must gradually approach U.S. and Canadian standards for clean air, clean water,
and hazardous waste.
b. U.S. industries can request a tariff on the import of products from Mexico that are produced under
environmentally unsustainable methods.
c. NAFTA benefits may be suspended where any state party has shown a pattern of failure to effectively
enforce its environmental law.
d. A and B.
e. A and C.
32. In the Shrimp Importation Case, the WTO Appellate Body determined that:
a. The U.S. program certifying the use of TEDs or devices of comparable effectiveness was an unjustified
discrimination against Malaysian shrimp products.
b. The U.S. program certifying the use of TEDs or devices of comparable effectiveness was not an unjustified
discrimination against Malaysian shrimp products.
c. The U.S. program was invalid because it treated Malaysian shrimp differently than shrimp from other
countries.
d. The U.S. program was valid as it related to conservation of an exhaustible natural resource.