110. The Toxic Substances Control Act applied to about 3,000 substances.
a. True
b. False
111. FIFRA requires registration of pesticides and similar products with the Department of Agriculture.
a. True
b. False
112. FIFRA, which concerns pesticides and such products, is primarily a registration and labeling requirement statute.
a. True
b. False
113. FIFRA, which concerns pesticides and such products, requires producers to test such products for “adverse effects
on human health.”
a. True
b. False
114. Under RCRA, a “hazardous waste” is defined as a solid waste that may cause an increase in mortality or in serious
irreversible illness.
a. True
b. False
115. A hazardous waste is defined in RCRA as a solid waste that may cause or contribute to the loss of habitat of
endangered species.
a. True
b. False
116. Under RCRA, generators and disposal site owners are subject to regulation by the EPA and transporters of waste
are subject to regulation by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).
a. True
b. False
117. RCRA forces hazardous waste generators, transporters and disposal site operators to follow a manifest system to
keep track of chemicals.
a. True
b. False
118. Wastes defined as hazardous under RCRA may only be disposed or stored at sites whose owners or operators
have obtained a permit from the EPA.
a. True
b. False
119. RCRA regulates the operation of active hazardous waste dumps sites; Superfund is responsible for inactive
hazardous waste sites.
a. True
b. False
120. The EPA placed over 1,000 sites on the Superfund National Priority List for cleanup.
a. True
b. False
121. SARA, a 1986 amendment to the Superfund Act, imposes a tax on chemicals and petroleum to support Superfund
site cleanups.
a. True
b. False
122. Responsible parties under Superfund include past owners and any transporter of toxic waste who dumped at the
site being cleaned up.
a. True
b. False
123. Under Superfund, responsible parties may be strictly, jointly and severally liable for cleanup costs.
a. True
b. False
124. Under Superfund, one party that contributed any amount of toxic waste to a large dump site could be held
responsible for the entire cleanup bill.
a. True
b. False
125. Because of potential liability for dumped toxic chemicals, potential buyers of property may wish to have an
environmental audit done before making the purchase.
a. True
b. False
126. Because of potential liability for dumped toxic chemicals, potential property buyers often get an EPA certification
that the property has no liabilities attached to it.
a. True
b. False
127. Old abandoned industrial sites that take up space in urban areas are often called brownfields and present a real
problem to urban development.
a. True
b. False
128. The most important federal legislation dealing with environmental protection for wildlife is the Marine Mammal
Protection Act.
a. True
b. False
129. An endangered species is defined as any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its range.
a. True
b. False
130. The Endangered Species Act imposes its obligations only on public projects and not on private land owners.
a. True
b. False
131. Congress allocates several billion dollars a year to EPA to purchase habitat for endangered species protection.
a. True
b. False
132. The Endangered Species Act covers animals and fish, but not plants.
a. True
b. False
133. In Babbitt v. Sweet Home, the Supreme Court held that “habitat” protection is a key goal of the Endangered
Species Act.
a. True
b. False
134. In Babbitt v. Sweet Home, the Supreme Court held that to protect habitat of a bird, logging had to be stopped in a
multi-state area.
a. True
b. False
135. In Babbitt v. Sweet Home, the Supreme Court held that the government had to compensate land owners whose
property was reduced in value due to use restrictions due to the existence of endangered species.
a. True
b. False
136. The definition of what qualifies as an endangered or threatened specie is based on principles of biology that must be
closely followed.
a. True
b. False
137. In In re Polar Bear Endangered Species Act Listing, the listing of the polar bear as a threatened specie was
challenged. It is not endangered today but could be in the future. The listing by the Fish and Wildlife Service
(FWS) was attacked as arbitrary and capricious. The appeals court held that unless a specie can be shown to be
threatened or endangered now it could not be listed
a. True
b. False
138. In In re Polar Bear Endangered Species Act Listing, the listing of the polar bear as a threatened specie was
challenged. It is not endangered today but could be in the future. The listing by the Fish and Wildlife Service
(FWS) was attacked as arbitrary and capricious. The appeals court held that the FWS properly considered the
evidence in making its decision, so it would stand.
a. True
b. False
139. In In re Polar Bear Endangered Species Act Listing, the listing of the polar bear as a threatened specie was
challenged. It is not endangered today but could be in the future. The listing by the Fish and Wildlife Service
(FWS) was attacked as arbitrary and capricious. The appeals court held that because the bear does not live in
the United States, but in Canada and other jurisdictions, it could not be listed by FWS..
a. True
b. False
140. Despite all the talk, no environmental issue has been successfully addressed at an international level of cooperation.
a. True
b. False
141. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 is an international treaty dealing with the protection of whales in the open ocean.
a. True
b. False
142. The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to restrict production of CFCs, chemicals that destroy the
upper-atmosphere ozone layer.
a. True
b. False
143. The Montreal Protocol required wealthy nations to pay poor nations to phase out CFCs that harm the upper-
atmosphere ozone.
a. True
b. False
144. Global warming has been addressed by the Kyoto treaty, which requires the U.S. to substantially reduce air
emissions by 2015.
a. True
b. False
145. Global warming has been addressed at international meetings, but substantive changes have not actually taken
place.
a. True
b. False
146. Under the Kyoto Treaty, European nations have taken significant steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
a. True
b. False
147. The U.S. is not a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES).
a. True
b. False
148. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is very popular
with local people in Africa who live near the species.
a. True
b. False
149. In Massachusetts v. EPA, Massachusetts and other states sued the EPA for not regulating vehicle emissions that
may contribute to greenhouse gases. The Supreme Court held that unless Congress orders such emissions to be
regulated, there is nothing EPA can do.
a. True
b. False
150. In Massachusetts v. EPA, Massachusetts and other states sued the EPA for not regulating vehicle emissions that
may contribute to greenhouse gases. The Supreme Court held that the EPA can issue regulations to control such
pollutants.
a. True
b. False
151. In Massachusetts v. EPA, Massachusetts and other states sued the EPA for not regulating vehicle emissions that
may contribute to greenhouse gases. The Supreme Court held that there was no evidence that the emissions
contributed to greenhouse effects.
a. True
b. False
152. In Massachusetts v. EPA, Massachusetts and other states sued the EPA for not regulating vehicle emissions that
may contribute to greenhouse gases. The Supreme Court held that there was evidence such emissions contributed
to global warming and that the EPA has authority to regulate such pollutants.
a. True
b. False