109. Which of the following is a major pollutant regulated by the Clean Air Act:
a. sulfur dioxide
b. particulates
c. ozone
d. carbon monoxide
e. all of the other specific choices are major pollutants
110. Which of the following is a major pollutant regulated by the Clean Air Act:
a. lead
b. nitrogen oxide
c. ozone
d. carbon monoxide
e. all of the other specific choices are major pollutants
111. The Clean Air Act requirements for NAAQS are:
a. applicable to pesticides only
b. applicable to all pollutants
c. applicable to automobiles only
d. applicable to six or seven major air pollutants
e. no longer necessary because polluters have complied with the Act
112. The Clean Air Act requirements are:
a. applicable to pesticides only
b. applicable to all pollutants
c. applicable to automobiles only
d. no longer necessary because polluters have complied with the Act
e. none of the other choices
113. States that are not in compliance with the Clean Air Act:
a. risk losing federal funding if they do not improve
b. risk federal fines
c. are unlikely to suffer any sort of penalty
d. are likely to lose authority to regulate other matters
e. none of the other choices are correct
114. The Clean Air Act:
a. requires each state to develop a State Implementation Plan
b. places the primary enforcement burden on states
c. allows the EPA to mandate a portion of states’ budget to enforce pollution guidelines
d. requires each state to develop a State Implementation Plan and allows the EPA to mandate a portion of
states‘ budget to enforce pollution guidelines
e. requires each state to develop a State Implementation Plan and places the primary enforcement burden on
states
115. The State Implementation Plans required by the Clean Air Act:
a. define the control efforts to be used in each state to achieve the national standards
b. survey all factories in a state to find out how much they pollute
c. are usually favorable to big businesses
d. tend to hurt small businesses
e. are unofficial records of each state’s attempts to control pollution
116. The State Implementation Plans required by the Clean Air Act:
a. are short and not very detailed
b. are extremely detailed and may be tens of thousands of pages long
c. are rarely more than 100 pages
d. are detailed, yet concise
e. are long, but not very detailed
117. Every State Implementation Plan for air quality must include:
a. adequate funding, personnel and authority for implementation and enforcement of the SIP
b. measures for monitoring air quality and emissions from pollution sources
c. schedules and timetables for compliance
d. enforceable emission limits
e. all of the other choices
118. Every State Implementation Plan for air quality must include:
a. a “legally binding commitment” by the governor to comply with the Clean Air Act
b. measures for monitoring air quality and emissions from pollution sources
c. schedules and timetables for compliance
d. measures for monitoring air quality and emissions from pollution sources and schedules and timetables for
compliance
e. a “legally binding commitment” by the governor to comply with the Clean Air Act and measures for
monitoring air quality and emissions from pollution sources and schedules and timetables for compliance
119. Which of the following things is NOT required in State Implementation Plans under the Clean Air Act:
a. enforceable emission limits
b. schedules and timetables for compliance
c. measures for monitoring air quality and emissions from pollution sources
d. adequate funding, personnel, and authority for implementing and enforcing the SIP
e. all of the other specific choices are required
120. Which of the following things is NOT required in State Implementation Plans under the Clean Air Act:
a. enforceable emission limits
b. schedules and timetables for compliance
c. a “legally binding commitment” by the governor to comply with the Clean Air Act
d. adequate funding, personnel, and authority for implementing and enforcing the SIP
e. all of the other specific choices are required
121. The Clean Air Act established specific procedures for:
a. the construction of new automobile engines
b. the use of energy sources by utility companies
c. the construction of new industrial plants
d. monitoring emissions from federal government operations
e. filing public nuisance actions against large polluters
122. Under the Clean Air Act, the standards for the construction of new industrial plants depend on:
a. the size of the plant
b. the economic impact of the plant
c. the kind of good the plant is producing
d. the air quality of the area in which a plant is built
e. the number of employees the plant will employ when finished
123. Under the Clean Air Act, the standards for the construction of new industrial plants depend on:
a. the size of the plant
b. the economic impact of the plant
c. the kind of good the plant is producing
d. the number of employees the plant will employ when finished
e. none of the other choices are correct
124. Under the Clean Air Act, if a plant owner plans to build a plant in a “dirty air area” he:
a. does not need a preconstruction permit from the EPA or the state agency that enforces the Act
b. needs a preconstruction permit from the EPA or the state agency that enforces the Act
c. does not need to get any permits until after construction begins
d. can begin construction with no permit if he pays a fee to the state agency that enforces the Act
e. none of the other choices are correct
125. Under the Clean Air Act, if a plant owner plans to build a plant in a “clean air area” he:
a. does not need a preconstruction permit from the EPA or the state agency that enforces the Act
b. needs a preconstruction permit from the EPA or the state agency that enforces the Act
c. does not need to get any permits until after construction begins
d. can begin construction with no permit if he pays a fee to the state agency that enforces the Act
e. none of the other choices are correct
126. The Clean Air Act established specific procedures for:
a. the construction of new automobile engines
b. the use of energy sources by utility companies
c. filing public nuisance actions against large polluters
d. monitoring emissions from federal government operations
e. none of the other choices
127. Areas with air of better quality than required by the NAAQS are called:
a. areas of cleanliness
b. prevention of significant deterioration areas
c. prevention of pollution areas
d. clear air areas
e. fresh air areas
128. Areas with air of better quality than required by the NAAQS are called:
a. areas of cleanliness
b. fresh air areas
c. prevention of pollution areas
d. clear air areas
e. none of the other choices are correct
129. Under the Clean Air Act, which of the following is an example of a prevention of significant deterioration area:
a. Yellowstone National Park
b. a Wal-Mart parking lot
c. New York City
d. downtown Cleveland, Ohio
e. none of the other choices are correct
130. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) areas under the Clean Air Act:
a. include the areas in national parks and wilderness areas
b. include areas where air quality is better than the levels specified by the national ambient air quality standards
c. are allowed only a slight increase in pollution because of their sensitive nature
d. is allowed only if the owner agrees to install the best available control technology
e. all of the other choices
131. New plants may be built in Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) areas if the:
a. government has a national defense need for the plant
b. plant installs Best Available Control Technology
c. plant owner demonstrates the plant will not cause the area‘s maximum allowable increase to be exceeded
d. plant installs Best Available Control Technology and the plant owner demonstrates the plant will not cause
the area’s maximum allowable increase to be exceeded
e. government has a national defense need for the plant and the plant installs Best Available Control
Technology and the plant owner demonstrates the plant will not cause the area’s maximum allowable
increase to be exceeded
132. New plants may be built in Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) areas if the:
a. government has a national defense need for the plant
b. plant installs Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) technology
c. plant owner shows that it will not cause the area’s maximum allowable increase to be exceeded
d. plant installs Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) technology and the plant owner shows that it will
not cause the area’s maximum allowable increase to be exceeded
e. government has a national defense need for the plant and the plant installs Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
(LAER) technology and the plant owner shows that it will not cause the area’s maximum allowable increase
to be exceeded
133. The maximum allowable increase of air pollution:
a. determines the specific limits on economic growth in nonattainment areas
b. in a Prevention of Significant Deterioration Area is the slight increase in pollution that will be allowed from a
new plant
c. is determined by the EPA on a case–by–case basis to the extent of pollution offsets needed for new
construction
d. determines the extent to which the bubble concept can be applied in meeting the Clean Air Act requirements
e. was eliminated from the Clean Air Act requirements
134. The maximum allowable increase of air pollution:
a. determines the specific limits on economic growth in nonattainment areas
b. was eliminated from the Clean Air Act requirements
c. is determined by the EPA on a case–by–case basis to the extent of pollution offsets needed for new
construction
d. determines the extent to which the bubble concept can be applied in meeting the Clean Air Act requirements
e. none of the other choices
135. The allowable slight increase in pollution from new construction in a prevention of significant deterioration is called
the:
a. minimum allowable increase
b. maximum allowable increase
c. legally allowable increase
d. non–harmful allowable increase
e. economically beneficial increase
136. The allowable slight increase in pollution from new construction in a prevention of significant deterioration is called
the:
a. minimum allowable increase
b. economically beneficial increase
c. legally allowable increase
d. non–harmful allowable increase
e. none of the other choices are correct
137. Which of the following requirements must be met to allow new construction in a prevention of significant
destruction area:
a. the owner must agree to install the best available control technology–as determined by the EPA–on the new
plant to control its air pollution
b. the owner must show that the pollution from its plant will not cause the maximum allowable increase in the
area to be exceeded
c. the owner must show how the plant will be economically beneficial to the area
d. both a and b are required
e. a, b, and c are required
138. An area that has what the EPA classifies as “dirty air” that does not satisfy the air quality standards is known as a:
a. noncontainable area
b. nonattainment area
c. noncontainment area
d. significant deterioration area
e. none of the other choices
139. An area that has what the EPA classifies as “dirty air” that does not satisfy the air quality standards is known as a:
a. noncontainable area
b. dangerous air area
c. noncontainment area
d. significant deterioration area
e. none of the other choices
140. A nonattainment area is:
a. an area that does not meet the NAAQS
b. an area that meets the NAAQS
c. an area that exceeds the NAAQS
d. an area where there cannot be any new construction
e. an area where there are no limits on new construction
141. Under the Clean Air Act, nonattainment areas:
a. have less restrictive standards for new construction than prevention of significant deterioration areas
b. have more restrictive standards for new construction than prevention of significant deterioration areas
c. have no standards for new construction than prevention of significant deterioration areas
d. have few standards for new construction than prevention of significant deterioration areas
e. are usually not subject to federal regulation
142. Under the Clean Air Act, nonattainment areas:
a. have less restrictive standards for new construction than prevention of significant deterioration areas
b. are usually not subject to federal regulation
c. have no standards for new construction than prevention of significant deterioration areas
d. have few standards for new construction than prevention of significant deterioration areas
e. none of the other choices are correct
143. Businesses that wish to build new emission-producing facilities in “dirty air” areas must:
a. agree to offset existing pollution in the area
b. use the Highest Achievable Emissions Rate Technology
c. be unable to verify compliance with the Clean Air Act at other plants they have in the state
d. agree to offset existing pollution in the area and use the Highest Achievable Emissions Rate Technology
e. agree to offset existing pollution in the area and use the Highest Achievable Emissions Rate Technology and
be unable to verify compliance with the Clean Air Act at other plants they have in the state
144. The following is not a requirement of businesses that want to build a new polluting plant in nonattainment areas?
a. the operators of the new plant must agree to control the plant‘s pollution to the maximum degree by the use
of the LAER (Lowest Achievable Emissions Rate Technology)
b. the operators of new plants must show that a net air quality improvement will be had after the plant is built
c. the operators of the new plant must certify all their other plants are meeting requirements of the State
Implementation Plan
d. new plants can be built in nonattainment areas only if the pollution from the new plant is offset by reductions
in the same type of pollutant from other plants in the area.
e. all of the other choices are requirements
145. Lowest Achievable Emissions Rate Technology is:
a. developed by EPA by accounting for economic costs and technical feasibility
b. generally considered only a little less restrictive than the Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
required in nonattainment areas
c. a more stringent requirement than the Best Available Technology requirement
d. determined on an industry-by-industry basis and is applied uniformly regardless of the level of pollution
e. determined after a company has bought the maximum pollution offset available in the area
146. Lowest Achievable Emissions Rate Technology is:
a. developed by EPA by accounting for economic costs and technical feasibility
b. generally considered only a little less restrictive than the Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
required in nonattainment areas
c. determined case-by–case after a company has bought the maximum pollution offset available in the area
d. determined on an industry-by-industry basis and is applied uniformly regardless of the level of pollution
e. none of the other choices
147. Under the emissions offset policy, a new plant may be built in a nonattainment area only if:
a. the increase in air pollution from the new plant is offset by reductions in the same pollutants from other plants
in the area
b. the increase in air pollution is equivalent to the pollution caused by similar plants in the area
c. the air pollution produced by the new plant is less than the air pollution produced by any other plant in the
area
d. the company buys sufficient carbon offsets
e. none of the other choices are correct
148. Nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act:
a. includes the areas in national parks, wilderness areas, and national monuments
b. includes areas where air quality is better than pollution levels defined by national ambient air quality
standards
c. are allowed only a slight increase in pollution because of their sensitive nature
d. requires a permit to be secured before a company builds a plant in such an area
e. none of the other choices
149. Nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act:
a. includes the areas in national parks, wilderness areas, and national monuments
b. includes areas where air quality is better than pollution levels defined by national ambient air quality
standards
c. are allowed only a slight increase in pollution because of their sensitive nature
d. have not met the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
e. requires a permit to be secured before a company builds a plant in such an area
150. Which of the following pollutants have decreased dramatically since the Clean Air Act was passed:
a. lead
b. particulates
c. carbon monoxide
d. all of the other specific choices have decreased
e. none of the other specific choices have decreased
151. Which of the following pollutants have NOT decreased dramatically since the Clean Air Act was passed:
a. lead
b. particulates
c. carbon monoxide
d. all of the other specific choices have decreased
e. none of the other specific choices have decreased
152. Which of the following pollutants have NOT decreased dramatically since the Clean Air Act was passed:
a. lead
b. particulates
c. ozone
d. all of the other specific choices have decreased
e. none of the other specific choices have decreased
153. Ozone is one of the major pollutants that has not decreased significantly in the lower levels of the atmosphere since
the passage of the Clean Air Act. It is mostly produced by:
a. coal plants
b. imperfect burning of petroleum products
c. biofuels
d. nuclear plants
e. aerosol cans
154. California‘s automobile emissions standards require:
a. use of electric cars
b. use of alternative fuels
c. the sale of cleaner burning gasoline
d. all of the other choices
e. that they follow the standards implemented in New York
155. In American Trucking Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, where the American Trucking
Association challenged the EPA‘s approval of California’s regulation of engines that run transportation refrigeration
units, the Court of Appeals held that:
a. other states are not precluded from declining to follow California’s lead
b. other states are precluded from declining to follow California‘s lead
c. other states are not precluded from declining to follow California‘s lead, but it will be very difficult for them
not to
d. all other states should follow California‘s lead
e. the economic impact of all other states following California’s lead would be disastrous
156. In American Trucking Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, where the American Trucking
Association challenged the EPA‘s approval of California’s regulation of engines that run transportation refrigeration
units, the Court of Appeals held that:
a. other states are not precluded from declining to follow California’s lead
b. other states are precluded from declining to follow California‘s lead
c. other states are not precluded from declining to follow California‘s lead, but it will be very difficult for them
not to
d. all other states should follow California‘s lead
e. the economic impact of all other states following California’s lead would be disastrous
157. In American Trucking Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, where the American Trucking
Association challenged the EPA‘s approval of California’s regulation of engines that run transportation refrigeration
units, the Court of Appeals denied the ATA‘s petition for review because:
a. the EPA‘s conclusion that California’s rule was consistent with the Clean Air Act was reasonable and
reasonably explained
b. the EPA has authority to do whatever it wants
c. the ATA did not follow the proper procedure for review
d. there would be no cost for businesses to comply with California’s rule
e. the rule is scheduled to be implemented at a national level
158. In American Trucking Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, where the American Trucking
Association challenged the EPA‘s approval of California’s regulation of engines that run transportation refrigeration
units, the Court of Appeals denied the ATA‘s petition for review because:
a. the rule is scheduled to be implemented at a national level
b. the EPA has authority to do whatever it wants
c. the ATA did not follow the proper procedure for review
d. there would be no cost for businesses to comply with California’s rule
e. none of the other choices are correct
159. Under the 1990 Clean Air Act:
a. Congress provided for the control of pollution originating in the foreign countries
b. Congress provided for an import duty on those goods produced at foreign plants that do not use pollution
controls
c. Congress required further reductions in the emission of toxic pollutants
d. the EPA is to focus on limiting pollutants from autos
e. provide an exemption to coal-fired power plants from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission reductions