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218. The new source performance standards for reducing air and water pollution apply to:
a. new plants or new sources of pollution
b. plants or sources of pollution in existence prior to the passage of the Clean Water Act
c. plants or sources of pollution built after the passage of the Clean Water Act
d. plants that employ more than 50 people
e. plants with more than $50,000 in government contracts
219. Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System,
permit system.
a. private citizens
b. states
c. Congressional representatives
d. county courts
e. none of the other choices are correct
have primary responsibility for enforcing the
220. If Jayhawk Co. discharges more pollution into the W River than its permits allows, it must:
a. clean the river immediately
b. report the violation to proper officials
c. call for a state of emergency on the River
d. do all of the other choices
e. only clean the river if it is economically feasible
221. Firms that have water pollution permits must monitor their own performance and file what are called:
a. emission level reports
b. discharge monitoring reports
c. effluent control reports
d. effluent emission reports
e. effluent monitoring reports
222. Firms that have water pollution permits must monitor their own performance and file what are called:
a. emission level reports
b. effluent monitoring reports
c. effluent control reports
d. effluent emission reports
e. none of the other choices
223. Discharge monitoring reports are:
a. confidential documents filed by a firm monitoring their pollutant discharge performance
b. confidential documents filed by the EPA monitoring a firm's pollutant discharge performance
c. public available documents filed by a firm monitoring their pollutant discharge performance
d. publicly available documents filed by the EPA monitoring a firm's pollutant discharge performance
e. none of the other choices are correct
224. An environmental group wants to sue Toxics, Inc. for violating the Clean Water Act. To pursue its desired legal
action the group must:
a. notify Toxics of its intent to sue
b. notify the EPA of its intent to sue
c. allow the EPA to determine whether or not it wishes to prosecute Toxics, thereby blocking the group's action
d. notify Toxics of its intent to sue and notify the EPA of its intent to sue
e. notify Toxics of its intent to sue and notify the EPA of its intent to sue and allow the EPA to determine
whether or not it wishes to prosecute Toxics, thereby blocking the group's action
225. Citizen suits against polluters are blocked if:
a. the polluter pays a fine
b. the EPA does not take action
c. the EPA takes charge of the situation
d. the citizen fails to offer a solution for reducing pollution
e. none of the other choices are correct
226. In Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center, where an environmental group sued the EPA and
other parties because logging companies were not required to have pollution discharge permits for rain runoff on
logging roads. The appeals court held that the rain runoff was associated with industrial activity, so discharge
permits were required. The Supreme Court held that:
a. under federal law, runoff from any kind of road is not a pollutant that required a permit
b. EPA's interpretation of the relevant statute concerning water pollution was reasonable so discharge
permits were not to be imposed
c. EPA's interpretation of the relevant statute concerning water pollution was arbitrary and capricious so
discharge permits would be required
d. discharge permits were not necessary as EPA asserted, but the logging endangered the spotted owl, so
greater regulatory oversight was required of logging operations
e. there was no violation of the Clean Water Act because it only applies to emissions from industrial facilities
such as factories, not trucks on a road
227. In Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center, where an environmental group sued the EPA and
other parties because logging companies were not required to have pollution discharge permits for rain runoff on
logging roads. The appeals court held that the rain runoff was associated with industrial activity, so discharge
permits were required. The Supreme Court held that:
a. EPA's interpretation of the relevant statute concerning water pollution was arbitrary and capricious so
discharge permits would be required
b. discharge permits were not necessary as EPA asserted, but the logging endangered the spotted owl, so
greater regulatory oversight was required of logging operations
c. there was no violation of the Clean Water Act because it only applies to emissions from industrial facilities
such as factories, not trucks on a road
d. there was no violation of the Clean Water Act
e. there was no violation of the Clean Water Act, but there was a possible violation of the Endangered
Species Act
228. Non-point source pollution includes:
a. pollution from construction sites
b. pollution from logging
c. run-off from streets
d. agricultural run-off
e. all of the other choices
229. Which of the following is a nonpoint source of water pollution:
a. runoff from construction sites
b. runoff from logging and mining operations
c. runoff from streets
d. runoff from agriculture
e. all of the other choices are correct
230. Which of the following is NOT a nonpoint source of water pollution:
a. runoff from construction sites
b. sewage discharge from a pipe
c. runoff from streets
d. runoff from agriculture
e. all of the other choices are correct
231. Non-point source pollution would not include:
a. improperly treated sewage
b. pollution from logging
c. run-off from streets
d. agricultural run-off
e. all of the other choices are non-point sources
232. One of the major challenges to dealing with nonpoint source water pollution is:
a. the difficulty in finding it
b. the difficulty in collecting and treating the water
c. the difficulty in enforcing regulations
d. the difficulty in identifying its source
e. none of the other choices are correct
233. Which of the following statutes concern the consequences of groundwater pollution from agricultural fertilizers and
sprays:
a. the Safe Drinking Water Act
b. the Safe Swimming Water Act
c. the Clear Seas and Skies Act
d. the Polluted Water Act
e. all of the other choices are correct
234. Which of the following statutes concern the consequences of groundwater pollution from agricultural fertilizers and
sprays:
a. the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
b. the Federal Safe Swimming Water Act
c. the National Clear Seas and Skies Act
d. the Federal Polluted Water Act
e. all of the other choices are correct
235. Which of the following statutes concern the consequences of groundwater pollution from agricultural fertilizers and
sprays:
a. the Toxic Substances Control Act
b. the Federal Safe Swimming Water Act
c. the National Clear Seas and Skies Act
d. the Federal Polluted Water Act
e. all of the other choices are correct
236. Which of the following statutes concern the consequences of groundwater pollution from agricultural fertilizers and
sprays:
a. the Toxic Substances Control Act
b. the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
c. the Safe Drinking Water Act
d. all of the other specific choices are correct
e. none of the other specific choices are correct
237. Wetlands may include such areas as:
a. prairie potholes
b. mangrove swamps
c. coastal saltwater shrubs
d. playa lakes
e. all of the other choices may be wetlands
238. To grow cranberries, Eva used a wet area on her property. When cranberries were linked to cancer and the
market for cranberries collapsed, Eva wanted to drain the wet area to be able to raise goats because goat cheese is
popular. To make this change Eva must:
a. obtain permission from the state of Massachusetts to stop growing cranberries
b. obtain permission from the Department of Agriculture to stop growing cranberries
c. obtain a license from the Department of the Interior to develop a goat farm
d. obtain a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
e. Eva does not need to do anything; she may change her farm however she wants
239. To grow cranberries, Eva used a wet area on her property. When cranberries were linked to cancer and the
market for cranberries collapsed, Eva wanted to drain the wet area to be able to raise goats because goat cheese is
popular. To make this change Eva must:
a. obtain permission from the state of Massachusetts to stop growing cranberries
b. obtain permission from the Department of Agriculture to stop growing cranberries
c. obtain a license from the Department of the Interior to develop a goat farm
d. Eva does not need any permits; she may change her farm however she wants
e. none of the other choices
240. Permits to dredge wetlands often include:
a. a requirement that the annual dues are paid to a wetland conservation group
b. a requirement that other land be restored to wetland status in exchange
c. a requirement that unique wetlands species will be captively bred to increase their numbers
d. a requirement that the person or firm requesting the permit attend environmental education classes
e. none of the other choices are correct
241. In Hearts Bluff Game Ranch v. U.S., Hearts purchased a large piece of land that the Army Corps said could
be used as mitigation property for wetlands purposes. Later, the state of Texas announced it was building a
water reservoir that would put Hearts under water, so it could no longer be used for wetlands mitigation. Hearts
sued for uncompensated taking as the property was more valuable for mitigation than under a reservoir. The
appeals held that:
a. Texas would have to compensate Hearts for the value of the land as wetlands mitigation property, not as
part of a reservoir
b. the Army Corps would have to compensate Hearts for the difference in the value of the land for wetlands
mitigation versus as part of reservoir property
c. Hearts never has a specific right to mitigation banking, so lost no right due compensation
d. the wetlands mitigation permit process was arbitrary and capricious, so nothing Hearts was told by the
Army Corp mattered and it had no rights to enforce
e. none of the other choices
242. In Hearts Bluff Game Ranch v. U.S., Hearts purchased a large piece of land that the Army Corps said could
be used as mitigation property for wetlands purposes. Later, the state of Texas announced it was building a
water reservoir that would put Hearts under water, so it could no longer be used for wetlands mitigation. Hearts
sued for uncompensated taking as the property was more valuable for mitigation than under a reservoir. The
appeals court held that:
a. Texas would have to compensate Hearts for the value of the land as wetlands mitigation property, not as
part of a reservoir
b. the Army Corps would have to compensate Hearts for the difference in the value of the land for wetlands
mitigation versus as part of reservoir property
c. the EPA would have to compensate Hearts for the difference in the value of the land for wetlands
mitigation versus as part of reservoir property
d. the wetlands mitigation permit process was arbitrary and capricious, so nothing Hearts was told by the
Army Corp mattered and it had no rights to enforce
e. none of the other choices
243. Wetlands mitigation banking is:
a. the practice of buying or restoring other wetlands in exchange for the right to fill some wetlands
b. the practice of filling wetlands without appropriate permits
c. the practice of obtaining permits to fill wetlands and auctioning them off to the highest bidder
d. the illegal practice of selling a permit to fill a wetland to a company known for high levels of pollution
e. the practice of bribing EPA officials for permits to fill wetlands
244. Wetlands mitigation banking is:
a. the practice of bribing EPA officials for permits to fill wetlands
b. the practice of filling wetlands without appropriate permits
c. the practice of obtaining permits to fill wetlands and auctioning them off to the highest bidder
d. the illegal practice of selling a permit to fill a wetland to a company known for high levels of pollution
e. none of the other choices are correct
245. The practice of buying or restoring other wetlands in exchange for the right to fill some wetlands is known as:
a. wetlands trading
b. wetlands exchanging
c. wetlands mitigation banking
d. wetlands restoration banking
e. wetlands reclaiming
246. The practice of buying or restoring other wetlands in exchange for the right to fill some wetlands is known as:
a. wetlands trading
b. wetlands exchanging
c. wetlands mitigation banking
d. wetlands restoration banking
e. none of the other choices
247. In Loveladies Harbor v. U.S., regarding an Army Corps decision prohibiting further construction in a real estate
area, the Circuit Court held that:
a. a construction site qualified as a protected wetland
b. a housing unit was located on top of an endangered marsh area
c. the federal government had to pay a landowner for taking away its ability to develop land
d. the federal government had illegally destroyed a wetland
e. the presence of even a few geese indicated that a construction site was a wetland
248. In Loveladies Harbor v. U.S., regarding an Army Corps decision prohibiting further construction in a real estate
area, the Circuit Court held that:
a. a construction site qualified as a protected wetland
b. a housing unit was located on top of an endangered marsh area
c. the presence of even a few geese indicated that a construction site was a wetland
d. the federal government had illegally destroyed a wetland
e. none of the other choices
249. Under the Toxic Substances Control Act, the EPA keeps track of:
a. more than 100,000 registered chemicals
b. more than 1 million registered chemicals
c. more than 83,000 registered chemicals
d. 6 major polluting chemicals
e. the 3 most toxic chemicals known to man
250. Under TSCA, the EPA is responsible for:
a. monitoring the development of new chemicals
b. keeping track of chemicals
c. determining the appropriate restrictions for chemicals
d. monitoring industry efforts to use natural and genetically altered microorganisms
e. all of the other choices
251. With regard to chemical restriction or banning under TSCA there is:
a. no presumption of innocence, the EPA need not show a chemical poses a health hazard before restricting or
banning it
b. a presumption of innocence, the EPA must show a chemical poses a health hazard before restricting or
banning it
c. a presumption of innocence, but the firm producing the chemical must prove that there is no health hazard
d. no presumption of innocence, the firm producing the chemical must show that it is no health hazard before it
begins production
e. none of the other choices are correct
252. The manipulation of biological processes to produce chemicals or living organisms for commercial use is known as:
a. biotechnology
b. bioethics
c. biomanipulation
d. biosynthesis
e. biochemicalsynthesis
253. The manipulation of biological processes to produce chemicals or living organisms for commercial use is known as:
a. biochemicalsynthesis
b. bioethics
c. biomanipulation
d. biosynthesis
e. none of the other choices are correct
254. Biotechnology is:
a. not subject to TSCA
b. subject to TSCA
c. subject to TSCA in some states but not others
d. completely regulated by the private sector
e. not subject to any kind of federal regulation
255. Biotechnology is:
a. not subject to TSCA
b. not subject to any kind of federal regulation
c. subject to TSCA in some states but not others
d. completely regulated by the private sector
e. none of the other choices are correct
256. Biotechnology products are subject to regulation under:
a. TSCA
b. FIFRA
c. RCRA
d. CERCLA
e. SARA
257. Biotechnology products are subject to regulation under:
a. SARA
b. FIFRA
c. RCRA
d. CERCLA
e. none of the other choices
258. Federal law that deals with pesticide registration is:
a. TSCA
b. FIFRA
c. RCRA
d. Clean Water Act
e. ERISA
259. Federal law that deals with pesticide registration is:
a. TSCA
b. ERISA
c. RCRA
d. Clean Water Act
e. none of the other choices
260. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act was originally passed in:
a. 1960
b. 1967
c. 1940
d. 1947
e. 1990
261. The was first passed in 1947 to regulate pesticides.
a. Federal Pesticide Regulation Act
b. Federal Toxic Substances Act
c. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
d. National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
e. National Pesticide Act
262. The was first passed in 1947 to regulate pesticides.
a. Federal Pesticide Regulation Act
b. Federal Toxic Substances Act
c. National Pesticide Act
d. National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
e. none of the other choices are correct
263. The EPA has registered products under FIFRA.
a. more than 50,000
b. more than 1 million
c. more than 20,000
d. around 10,000
e. around 100,000
264. R&G makes and sells pesticides. By statute, R&G must:
a. provide evidence that their products do what they claim they will do
b. file a registration for the pesticide with the Department of Agriculture
c. develop methods of application that have no potential for causing serious injury
d. reregister the pesticide every year
e. all of the other choices are required
265. How toxic substances are handled once they are in the market, or when they are being disposed of, is the concern
of the:
a. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
b. National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
c. Federal Commercial Toxic Substances Act
d. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
e. Toxic Substances Control Act
266. How toxic substances are handled once they are in the market, or when they are being disposed of, is the concern
of the:
a. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
b. National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
c. Federal Commercial Toxic Substances Act
d. Toxic Substances Control Act
e. none of the other choices are correct
267. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which concerns how toxic substances are handled once they are in
the market, or when they are being disposed of, was first passed in:
a. 1920
b. 1947
c. 1987
d. 1976
e. 1956
268. Under RCRA, which of the following solid wastes would NOT be defined as hazardous:
a. a waste that would cause a serious, incapacitating illness
b. a waste that would cause an increase in mortality
c. a waste that if stored improperly poses a substantial hazard to human health
d. a waste that if transported improperly may pose a substantial hazard to human health
e. all of the other choices would be defined as hazardous
269. Which of the following is a characteristic of hazardous waste:
a. ignitability
b. corrosivity
c. reactivity
d. toxicity
e. all of the other choices are correct
270. Ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity are all characteristics of:
a. hazardous waste
b. nonhazardous waste
c. legal waste
d. unregulated waste
e. waste regulated only by private agencies
271. Hazardous wastes undergo changes in their physical, chemical, or biological nature to make them less hazardous at:
a. storage facilities
b. transformation facilities
c. treatment facilities
d. disposal facilities
e. neutralizing facilities
272. Hazardous wastes undergo changes in their physical, chemical, or biological nature to make them less hazardous at:
a. storage facilities
b. transformation facilities
c. neutralizing facilities
d. disposal facilities
e. none of the other choices are correct
