CHAPTER 5: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
1. Anonymous political expression played an important role in the early formation of the United States.
a. True
b. False
2. The Fifth Amendment protects American’s rights to freedom of religion and freedom of expression.
a. True
b. False
3. The Supreme Court has ruled that the Fifth Amendment protects the right to speak anonymously as part of the
guarantee of free speech.
a. True
b. False
4. In general, the closer an Internet service provider (ISP) is to a pure service provider than to a content provider, the
more likely that the Section 230 immunity of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) will apply.
a. True
b. False
5. An oral defamatory statement is libel.
a. True
b. False
6. With dynamic content filtering, each Web site’s content is evaluated immediately before it is displayed, using
techniques such as object analysis and image recognition.
a. True
b. False
7. Typically, Internet service providers (ISPs) have the resources to prescreen online content.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
8. Anti-SLAPP laws can identify whether there are any merits to a lawsuit.
a. True
b. False
9. The goal of the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) was to protect children from harmful material on the
World Wide Web, however, it was ruled unconstitutional.
a. True
b. False
10. Over the years, a number of federal, state, and local laws have been found unconstitutional because they violated
one of the tenets of the First amendment.
a. True
b. False
11. With URL filtering, a particular URL or domain name is identified as an objectionable site and the user is not allowed
access to it.
a. True
b. False
12. Free-speech advocates believe that purchasing adult pornographic material is illegal and wrong even for
consenting adults.
a. True
b. False
13. The right to freedom of expression is restricted when the expressions, whether spoken or written, are untrue
and cause harm to another person.
a. True
b. False
14. A strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) is typically without merit.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
15. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was an attempt to protect children from accessing pornography and
other explicit material online.
a. True
b. False
16. A U.S. citizen who posts material on the Web that is illegal in a foreign country cannot be prosecuted in that country.
a. True
b. False
17. Internet filters cannot block users from accessing useful information.
a. True
b. False
18. Anonymity on the Internet is practically guaranteed.
a. True
b. False
19. Each violation of the provisions of the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing
(CAN– SPAM) Act can result in a fine of up to $250 for each unsolicited email, and fines can be tripled in certain
cases.
a. True
b. False
20. Messages whose primary purpose is to communicate information about a specific transaction are subject to the
Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act.
a. True
b. False
21. Private schools may prohibit students, instructors, and other employees from engaging in offensive speech.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
22. The plaintiff in a strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) can present themselves to the court
admitting that their intent is to censor their critics.
a. True
b. False
23. Anti-SLAPP laws are designed to protect children from pornography.
a. True
b. False
24. Pornography purveyors are free to produce and publish whatever they want; however, if what they distribute is
judged obscene, they are subject to prosecution under the obscenity laws.
a. True
b. False
25. Most countries other than the United States do not provide constitutional protection for hate speech.
a. True
b. False
26. If an employee sees a coworker viewing porn on a workplace computer, the organization can be sued in a
sexual harassment lawsuit.
a. True
b. False
27. The Bill of Rights provides protection for the expression of minority views including speech that is unpopular
or highly offensive to a majority of people.
a. True
b. False
28. The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act can be used in
the fight against the dissemination of pornography.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
29. An approach to restricting access to Web sites is to subscribe to an Internet service provider (ISP) that performs the
blocking.
a. True
b. False
30. The Communications Decency Act was aimed at protecting children from pornography, but it was
found unconstitutional.
a. True
b. False
31. is an absolute defense against a charge of defamation.
a. Libel b. Slander
c. The First Amendment d. Truth
32. Miller v. is the Supreme Court case that established a test to determine if material is obscene and
therefore not protected by the First Amendment.
a. Brown b. California
c. Stern d.
33. Which of the following can provide a virtually untraceable level of anonymity to email messages?
a. Relay servers b. Podcasts
c. Web mail servers d. Remailers
34. is a strategy employed by corporations, government officials, and others against citizens and community
groups who oppose them on matters of public interest.
a. A John Doe lawsuit b. A SLAPP
c. Internet censorship d. Anonymous expression
35. Section 230 of the provides immunity to an Internet service provider (ISP) that publishes user-generated
content, as long as its actions do not rise to the level of a content provider.
a. Online Protection Act b. Online Privacy Protection Act
c. Internet Freedom and Nondiscrimination Act d. Communications Decency Act
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
36. Proponents of the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) contended that shielding children from drugs, hate,
pornography, and other topics is a sufficient reason to justify .
a. Internet filters b. spams
c. compression d. encryption
37. Although people have the right to express opinions, they must exercise care in their Internet communications to avoid
possible charges of .
a. Internet censorship b. doxing
c. declamation d. defamation
38. Possession of child pornography is a federal offense punishable by up to years in prison.
a. two b. five
c. seven d. ten
39. The Supreme Court has held that obscene speech and are not protected by the First Amendment and may
be forbidden by the government.
a. audition b. defamation
c. declamation d. demarcation
40. A defining moment in the history of freedom of the press in the United States came in 1735 when jurors refused
to convict for seditious libel.
a. George Washington b. Ben Franklin
c. Paul Revere d. John Zenger
41. Which of the following statements best describes the reason why social networking companies cannot be sued for
defamation for user postings that appear on their sites?
a. The Communications Decency Act (CDA) uses a vague definition of indecency.
b. The Communications Decency Act (CDA) is not applicable to social networking sites.
c. Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) is not considered unconstitutional.
d. Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) does not provide immunity to an Internet service
provider (ISP).
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
42. Despite the importance of in early America, it took nearly 200 years for the Supreme Court to render rulings
that addressed it as an aspect of the Bill of Rights.
a. privacy b. freedom
c. anonymity d. rights
43. The became law in 1996. Its purpose was to allow freer competition among phone, cable, and TV
companies.
a. Telecommunications Act
b. Telecommunications Deregulation and Reform Act
c. Child Online Protection Act
d. Communications Opportunity, Promotion and Enhancement Bill
44. Which of the following can be used against an anonymous defendant to reveal truths about the defendant’s identity?
a. Internet censorship b. A John Doe lawsuit
c. Hate speech d. An anti-SLAPP law
45. Which of the following statements is true of Communications Decency Act (CDA)?
a. Title V of the CDA was the Telecommunications Act, aimed at protecting children from pornography.
b. The CDA imposed a $150,000 fine and a prison term of up to five years for the transmission of “indecent”
material over the Internet.
c. The problem with the CDA was its broad language and vague definition of “indecency,” a standard that was
left to individual communities to determine.
d. In June 2004, the ruling by the Supreme Court in the case of Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union
made it clear that CDA was unconstitutional.
46. The California State Court in Pre-Paid Legal v. Sturtz et al. set a legal precedent that refined the criteria courts
apply to .
a. subpoenas requesting the identity of anonymous Web posters b. determination of obscene material
c. Internet filtering within public libraries d. identification of hate speech
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
47. Although they may implement a speech code, are legally considered agents of the government and
therefore must follow the First Amendment’s prohibition against speech restrictions based on content or
viewpoint.
a. religious institutions b. public schools and universities
c. Internet service providers d. communications providers
48. U.S. laws do not allow a person to be for engaging in an activity protected by the U.S.
Constitution, even if the activity violates the criminal laws of another country.
a. imprisoned b. sued
c. extradited d. judged
49. If an employee sees a coworker viewing porn on a workplace computer, that employee may be able to
claim that the company has .
a. encouraged defamation of the character of its employees b. engaged in racial discrimination
c. violated the employee’s First Amendment rights d. created a hostile work environment
50. Which of the following statements is true of Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA)?
a. In case of CIPA, Congress specifically defined what content or Web sites should be
forbidden and the measures to be used.
b. CIPA requires the tracking of Internet use by minors or adults.
c. In June 2004, the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties
Union made it clear that CIPA was unconstitutional.
d. CIPA requires federally financed schools to use some form of technological protection to
block computer access to obscene material.
51. is the control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet.
a. Internet filtering b. Anonymous expression
c. Internet censorship d. Slander
52. Violation of the can cause a school or public library to lose funding to help pay for its Internet
connections.
a. Child Online Protection Act (COPA) b. Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA)
c. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) d. Communications Decency Act (CDA)
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
53. In the United States, speech that is merely annoying, critical, demeaning, or offensive enjoys protection
under the__ Amendment.
a. First b. Second
c. Fourth d. Fifth
54. A(n) is software that can be installed with a Web browser to block access to certain Web sites
that contain inappropriate or offensive material.
a. Internet filter b. router
c. bridge d. Web modem
55. has the largest online population in the world and also perhaps the most rigorous Internet censorship.
a. United States b. India
c. Japan d. China
computer.
a. less than 15 percent b. 29 percent
c. 50 percent d. nearly 75 percent
57. Proponents of the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) argued that:
a. schools can define what sites to block.
b. Internet filters are highly flexible and customizable.
c. the motives of private software companies who develop the Internet filters are clear.
d. CIPA transfers power to education over private software companies who develop the Internet filters.
58. allows people to state their opinions without revealing their identity.
a. Defamation b. Anonymous expression
c. Libel d. A John Doe lawsuit
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
59. involves the examination of Internet records in an attempt to reveal the identity of an anonymous
poster.
a. Remailing b. Doxing
c. Slandering d. Libeling
60. An oral defamatory statement is called .
a. libel b. hate speech
c. slander d. exaggeration
61. A U.S. citizen who posts material on the Web that is illegal in a foreign country can be prosecuted if
he subjects himself to the of that country.
62. The on each packet of a message can identify where the email originated from and who sent it.
63. One of the key requirements of the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and
Marketing (CAN- SPAM) Act is that an email must be identified as a(n) and include a valid
physical postal address for the sender.
64. The best Internet filters use a combination of URL, , and dynamic content filtering.
65. Making an oral or a written statement of alleged fact that is false and that harms another person is .
66. In June 2004, the Supreme Court ruled in Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union that the
_____ was unconstitutional.
67. The key question in deciding what Internet material is obscene is: “Whose standards are used?”
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
68. Its broad accessibility, open discussions, and anonymity make the a powerful communications
medium.
69. Opponents of the feared that it transferred power over education to private software
companies who developed the Internet filters and defined which sites to block.
70. The goal of the was to protect children from pornography, and if the act had been judged
constitutional, it would have opened all aspects of Internet content to legal scrutiny.
71. The Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects Americans’ rights to freedom of religion and
freedom of
expression.
72. Persistent or malicious harassment aimed at a specific person is known as .
73. Implementing the in libraries is difficult because their services are open to people of all ages,
including adults who have First Amendment rights to access a broader range of Internet materials than
are allowed under the Act.
74. A written defamatory statement is called .
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
75. Some Internet users would like to ban Web because they think that its use increases the risks of
defamation, fraud, libel, and exploitation of children.
76. By filing a , companies gain immediate subpoena power to identify information on anonymous online
postings.
77. uses terms or phrases—such as sex, Satan, and gambling—to trigger the blocking of Web sites.
78. Because prohibitions against hate speech are included in the between a private ISP and its
subscribers, and
do no involve the federal government, they do not violate the subscriber’s First Amendment rights.
79. Access via the enables pornography consumers to avoid offending others or being embarrassed
by others observing their purchases.
80. The is charged with enforcing the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and
Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act, and the agency maintains a consumer complaint database relating to
the law.
is known as _____.
82. advocates believe that there is nothing illegal or wrong about purchasing adult pornographic
material made by and for consenting adults.
83. A negative side of is that they can block too much content, keeping users from accessing useful
information.
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
84. Internet users who do not want to reveal their identity can send email to a(n) service, which uses
a computer program to strip the originating IP number or header from the message.
85. can take many forms-such as limiting access to certain Web sites, allowing access to only some
content or modified content at certain Web sites, rejecting the use of certain keywords in search engine
searches, tracking and monitoring the Internet activities of individuals, and harassing or even jailing
individuals for their Internet use.
86. How has the definition of freedom of speech evolved over time as the courts have ruled on First
Amendment cases?
87. Explain a John Doe lawsuit.
88. Discuss why U.S. organizations must be very careful when dealing with issues relating to
pornography in the workplace.
89. Why do some people believe that the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and
Marketing (CAN– SPAM) Act has increased the amount of spam?
Chapter 5: Freedom of Expression
90. How can speech be considered obscene and not protected under the First Amendment?