Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
b. proactive tactics
c. impression management
d. deception
45. If you wanted to engage in the proactive tactic of ingratiation, you might engage in
which of the following behaviors?
a. flattering the target individual
b. appealing to feelings of loyalty and friendship
c. asking for suggestions for improvement
d. enlisting the help of others to convince someone to go along with your idea
46. What term is a special form of impression management?
a. emotional labor
b. discourse ethics
c. proactive tactics
d. framing
47. ______ involves frontline employees managing their feelings so that they can
present desired bodily and facial displays to the public.
a. Impression commission
b. Emotional labor
c. Proactive tactics
d. Soft power
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
48. Which of the following positions is most likely to practice emotional labor in their
job?
a. engineer
b. waiter/waitress
c. accountant
d. scientist
49. Which sociologist originated the term “emotional labor?”
a. Rina Miller
b. Ronnie Kurchner-Hawkins
c. Arlene Hochschild
d. Betty Velthouse
50. Identify the type of employee most likely to engage in emotional labor.
a. factory worker
b. data entry clerk
c. laboratory technician
True/False
1. The morality of a power source depends on the ends or goals that it serves.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
2. Some forms of power are inherently immoral.
3. Power linked to an organizational position is more dangerous than power linked to
the person.
4. Having too little power can lead to unethical behavior.
5. Organizational politics involves the use of official or formal power.
6. You can become more powerful by giving power away.
7. Women are more influenced by the expectancies of their managers than are men.
8. It is possible to unintentionally lie.
9. Information is the most important resource for empowerment.
10. Hard power is linked to the characteristics of the individual.
11. Emotional labor is directed at other members of the organization.
12. We must influence others in our groups and organizations in order to fulfill our roles
within those groups and organizations.
13. When influence is reciprocal between leaders and followers, there tends to be better
outcomes.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
14. Researchers have found that people who feel empowered perform better.
15. Information may be the most important resource for empowerment.
16. Empowerment efforts typically don’t face obstacles or challenges.
17. Protective tactics are attempts to be seen in a positive; acquisitive tactics are
attempts to avoid looking bad.
18. Deception is defined as knowingly trying to mislead others.
19. The practice of lying with “little white lies” is not harmful because the long term
benefits outweigh the costs.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
20. Tasha works as a waitress. Tasha would likely fall under the category of emotional
laborer.
Short Answer
1. In ______ acting, emotional laborers embrace their roles.
2. Coercive, reward, and legitimate power are all based on organizational ______.
3. ______ power rests on the admiration one individual has for another.
4. ______ describes how people try to control the images others have of them through
their behaviors.
5. ______ are mental pictures or interpretations that shape our understanding of reality.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
6. The two most common causes of organizational lying are ______ and ______.
7. Having high expectations of the self is called the ______ Effect.
8. According to the ______, lying is only justified in certain situations.
9. ______ is impression management done for pay.
10. In ______, influencers offer explanations, evidence and logical arguments to
convince others to go along with their requests.
11. Personal appeal and apprising would be approaches to ______, which is an
organizational influence strategy.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
12. ______ and ______ are two major forms of impression management.
13. Why is mistakenly giving out the wrong information NOT considered a lie?
14. How does emotional labor differ from other forms of impression management?
15. Explain the elements of psychological empowerment.
16. Explain the three stages of the empowerment process.
17. How can you ensure that impression managers don’t unfairly influence your
decisions?
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
18. How do frames shape our view of reality?
19. Describe the four channels for communicating expectations to others.
20. Why should we be concerned about the ethics of impression management?
21. Identify the ethical dangers posed by the Pygmalion Effect.
22. When it comes to emotional labor, why is surface acting more harmful than deep
acting?
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
23. Explain the Principle of Veracity.
24. Provide a personal example of a leader exercising hard power. It can be a situation
you personally know or a situation you have observed. Identify if it’s coercive, reward or
legitimate.
25. Provide a personal example of a leader exercising soft power. It can be a situation
you personally know or a situation you have observed. Identify if it’s expert or referent.
Essay
1. Why is concentration of power so dangerous?
2. What advice would you give a newly appointed manager who wants to use power
wisely?
3. What would you recommend to a coworker who is in a low power position in an
organizational relationship?
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
4. Why is it important to create ethical frames in organizations?
5. Give examples of ways customers can behave dysfunctionally.
6. Develop a strategy for using positive politics to achieve an important organizational
goal.
7. Develop a plan for increasing perceptions of empowerment in your workplace.
8. Evaluate the costs and benefits of each type of proactive influence tactic. What
conclusions do you draw?
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
9. Weigh the costs and benefits of emotional labor. What do you conclude about the
ethics of this type of influence?
10. Describe one of your recent efforts at impression management. Evaluate the ethics
of your performance based on the standards presented in the chapter.
11. Develop a strategy for ethically communicating high expectations in your
organization.
12. Why is deception wrong on the basis of two major philosophical perspectives?