Collins, Business Ethics 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
Test Bank
CHAPTER 8: RESPECTING EMPLOYEE DIVERSITY
Multiple Choice
1. Which is one of the four unique dimensions of diversity?
a. learning style
b. physical
c. communication style
d. permanent
2. When we prejudge someone, it is usually a reaction to ______.
a. their work performance
b. their practical work knowledge
c. a difference in communication style
d. a diversity factor
3. What is an example of a permanent dimension factor of diversity?
a. hierarchical status
b. physical ability
c. weight
d. ethnicity
4. A manager has just hired a new employee and knows this employee scored as a
“judger” in one component of the MBTI. Based on this, the employee would likely be
most comfortable with ______.
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a. learning by feeling out each task or procedure
b. general separation from other coworkers
c. tasks that are mostly completed individually
d. a tightly planned daily work schedule
5. In helping to determine personality, how does the MBTI differ from the “Big Five”
personality model?
a. It is specifically attuned to work/employment style.
b. It is more sensitive with respect to race and gender.
c. It is less concerned with introversion/extroversion factors.
d. It includes dimensions like openness to experience.
6. The organizational dimension of diversity primarily deals with ______.
a. preference for interaction style with others
b. employment characteristics
c. leadership style
d. membership in cultural institutions
7. Which of the following would the self-categorization theory predict?
a. Among friends, Gina most identifies as a great dancer.
b. At work, Ash most identifies with those from similar backgrounds.
c. Among classmates, Samir most identifies as an English major.
d. At home, Hernan most identifies as a parent.
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8. Charvi is a school teacher. She lives in a midwestern suburb and is recently divorced.
She holds a master’s degree in teaching and works as a fourth grade teacher at the
local elementary school. At work, she forms a social coalition with those who are similar
to herself. Based on the theory of self-categorization, the other members of this coalition
are most likely to ______.
a. teach fourth grade
b. be female
c. have a master’s degree
d. be divorced
9. What demographic shift is projected for the United States by 2044?
a. declining birthrates among white Americans
b. rising birthrates among white Americans
c. less than 40% of the population will be Hispanic American
d. more than 80% of the population will be Hispanic American
10. What is the practical purpose of using a diversity wheel in the workplace?
a. It provides an overview of the dimensions of diversity present and active in the
workplace.
b. It explains how different personalities will interact with each other in the workplace.
c. It predicts how an employee will react to different challenges in the workplace.
d. It protects managers and supervisors from discriminatory accusations in the
workplace.
11. According to the text, the most overlooked diversity factor is probably ______.
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SAGE Publishing, 2021
a. religion
b. intellectual disability
c. communication style
d. sexual orientation
12. Kieran is very outgoing. When getting to know new employees, Kieran speaks quite
loudly. What kind of diversity dimension does this represent?
a. permanent
b. evolving
c. organizational
d. personality
13. The organizational dimension of an employee’s diversity ______.
a. can be unchanging or evolving
b. is the most difficult dimension with which to categorize a person
c. has little influence over how others perceive us
d. has little effect on how we perceive others
14. When there is friction based on the different dimensions of diversity, what may
occur?
a. high morale
b. low turnover
c. accusations of favoritism
d. unconscious discrimination
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15. An “us versus them” dynamic tended to arise between Indigenous and non–
Indigenous groups when new waves of immigration took place primarily because
______.
a. there was a lack of segregation
b. there was competition for existing jobs
c. there was an upswing in the national business cycle
d. there was a language barrier between
16. Which of the following statements about the growth of diversity in the Americas and
the United States is accurate?
a. Immigration has always been welcomed and viewed positively in the Americas.
b. Early European national colonies welcomed only their own nationals for settlement.
c. The 1800s were marked primarily by growth of native populations with very little
immigration.
d. The 1800s saw very little increase in the religious diversity.
17. In 2020, Indigenous Native Americans comprise ______ of the population in the
United States.
a. less than 1 percent
b. roughly one third
c. roughly half
d. more than 50 percent
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18. Other than national heritage, what factor was of primary consideration when White
males hired other White males prior to 1964?
a. income level
b. religious group
c. experience
d. geography
19. A man in the U.S. in the 1920s is employed by a small business owner whose hiring
practices are by the employment-at-will doctrine. If the owner discovers the employee
practices a different religion than his own and terminates employment for that reason,
what did this doctrine say?
a. The man could be openly and legally fired solely for religious reasons.
b. The man could be fired, but the owner must offer a nonreligious explanation.
c. The man could be asked to leave, but has the right to stay on despite obvious
discrimination and poor treatment.
d. The man is free to leave employment at any time voluntarily.
20. What was accomplished by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
a. elimination of discriminatory requirements for the presidency
b. formal codification of the employment-at-will doctrine
c. elimination of employment discrimination based on many permanent diversity factors
d. elimination of employment discrimination based on all permanent diversity factors
21. How did the Emergency Quota Act affect immigration into the United States?
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a. It initiated a government program that encouraged immigration for employment
purposes.
b. It made a fluctuating proportion of immigrants legal and made the rest entering the
country illegal.
c. It made all immigration illegal for several decades.
d. It legalized immigration for people of specific ethnicities and nationalities.
22. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the status of legal and illegal
immigration in the United States in 2020?
a. The failure of local municipalities to document immigrants as they enter the United
States is the reason for high rates of illegal immigration.
b. An estimated 6.2 million undocumented immigrants live in the United States.
c. California, Arizona, and Nevada have the highest percentage of illegal or
undocumented workers.
d. Approximately 18% of illegal or undocumented workers have lived in the United
States for more than 10 years.
23. How does the text define “fairness”?
a. making decisions according to rules not based on personal biases
b. treating everyone with dignity
c. equal distribution of scarce resources
d. making fair distinctions among possible options
24. A new employee is hired who does not match the characteristics of the dominant
social group. Given the typical reported experiences of others, it is likely that this new
employee will ______.
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a. experience jealousy by others of the dominant social group
b. be more likely to experience negative job outcomes
c. receive special privileged treatment by others
d. need to overcome prejudices and stereotypes
25. Based on EEOC records, which of the following statements about discrimination in
the workplace in 2019 is accurate?
a. Racial discrimination made up some 70 percent of total filings and complaints related
to discrimination.
b. A little over 20,000 inquiries or complaints about discrimination in the workplace were
received.
c. U.S. companies paid hundreds of million dollars in penalties and fines based on
discrimination complaints and lawsuits.
d. Most discrimination filings and inquiries were rejected by the EEOC.
26. Which of the following types of jobs is a woman most likely to be denied based on
stereotypes against women?
a. a physically demanding job
b. a support staff job to upper management
c. a job that requires extensive communication
d. a records-keeping job
27. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed primarily to deal with discrimination based
on what factor?
a. gender
b. race
c. age
d. ethnicity
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28. The average full-time working woman earns less than the average full-time working
man in the United States. Other than gender discrimination, what may explain this
discrepancy?
a. Women are five times more likely to work from home.
b. Women require more accommodations related to pregnancy.
c. Women tend to enter the workforce later in life.
d. Women are less likely to negotiate for higher wages.
29. Which of the following might be an example of the “glass ceiling” at work?
a. Several employees aged sixty or higher were passed over for promotions in favor of
younger coworkers.
b. Older employees tend to fill supervisory roles at a company.
c. Younger employees tend to fill entry-level positions at a company.
d. Upper management at a company is all men, whereas middle management is a mix
of men and women.
30. Which of the following is most likely to trigger a reverse discrimination lawsuit?
a. the promotion of a woman to CEO
b. an affirmative action program
c. a discrimination-based fine levied by the EEOC
d. a voluntary training program that has attracted mostly minority employees
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31. A reverse discrimination lawsuit occurs when ______.
a. an ethnic minority group files suit for wrongful termination
b. a member of a majority group claims discrimination
c. a member of a historically disadvantaged group claims discrimination
d. a woman files suit for wrongful termination
32. Maria is eight months pregnant and still working as a school administrator. Since
passage of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, Maria should be entitled to changes in
workflow commensurate with someone who ______.
a. has a temporary disability
b. has a learning disability
c. is incapable of performing basic tasks
d. has suffered a debilitating illness
33. Even though the PDA has passed, an employer is not required to modify a pregnant
employee’s tasks and assignments if ______.
a. the modification would make scheduling difficult
b. the modification would place extreme cost and difficulty on the company
c. the company already has a healthy employee who can take on the extra duties
d. other employees volunteer to help out with the pregnant employee’s duties
34. What was left out of the PDA protections and had to be addressed through later
legislation?
a. a requirement that the employer make accommodations for a pregnant employee on
the job
b. a requirement that a pregnant employee is entitled to the same or an equivalent job
after leave
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c. a requirement for a specific amount of leave beyond existing company policy
d. a requirement that provides accommodation for parental leave of children born with
complications
35. Which of the following is a pregnant or new parent not entitled to through the Family
and Medical Leave Act or PDA?
a. job security through leave
b. employer health care during leave
c. 12 weeks of leave per year
d. paid leave
36. What diversity factor did the EEOC add to its discrimination definitions in 2016?
a. gender
b. age
c. intellectual disability
d. LGBTQ+
37. Tattoos are not protected under freedom of speech or equal protection laws, with
one exception. What is the one exception?
a. The employee holds a temporary employee status.
b. The tattoos were present upon hiring.
c. The tattoos contain no controversial images.
d. The tattoos reflect sincerely held religious beliefs.
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38. Which of the following reasons is considered legal discrimination that an employer
might use to fire an employee who has legally immigrated to the United States?
a. The customer base of the business vastly prefers white employees.
b. The new employee’s English skills are not good enough to perform the job required.
c. The new employee’s country of national origin has been placed on a watch list.
d. Other employees have shown a strong dislike for the new employee, to a degree that
is affecting the business.
39. What is the root cause for the existence of most racial and ethnic stereotypes?
a. income distribution
b. segregation
c. legal requirements
d. employment preferences
40. Which of the following statements about racial discrimination in the United States is
accurate?
a. Companies can require employees to speak English on lunch breaks and while
performing their jobs.
b. Around half of the civilian labor force in the United States is white.
c. National origin prohibitions on discrimination do not include the person’s native
language.
d. Discrimination on the basis of race and ethnicity primarily occurs against employees,
not customers.
41. Discrimination that is based on a person’s birthplace, ancestry, culture or native
language are included in which category?
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a. national origin prohibitions
b. undue hardships
c. self-categorization
d. harassment
42. An employer has refused a new employee’s request for a specific accommodation
for religious practices at work because it would cause undue hardship. Which of the
following explanations would justify this from a legal standpoint?
a. The accommodation costs about $60 to set up.
b. A number of customers remark directly about their discomfort with the
accommodation.
c. The accommodation causes a significant reduction in work productivity for the
employee’s department.
d. The accommodation makes several other employees uncomfortable.
43. Which of the following is something an employer could do in a workplace in the
United States?
a. Require employees to participate in an office Christmas celebration.
b. Ban employees from wearing religious clothing.
c. Ban employees from wearing religious hairstyles.
d. Disallow all employees from decorating their office spaces for religious holidays.
44. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 does not provide
protections based on age with respect to ______.
a. promotions
b. hiring
c. dismissals
d. job assignments
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45. Which of the following best describes what research has shown about the job
performance of older employees?
a. There are no discovered negatives in job productivity, but several positives have
been found.
b. Older employees demonstrated some loss in job productivity, but it was made up for
by other positives, such as leadership qualities.
c. A slight decline in job productivity and performance was found across a range of
factors.
d. A major decline in job productivity and performance was found across a range of
factors.
46. An executive looking to save the company money cuts the employee workforce by
targeting employees with more than 20 years of experience who have particularly high
salaries. What type of discrimination might this end up looking like, even if it isn’t
intended?
a. age discrimination
b. gender discrimination
c. racial or ethnicity discrimination
d. disability discrimination
47. In which of the following scenarios would a person not be legally protected from
dismissal?
a. A person who is blind requires the company buy software that modifies the computer
for operation by voice.
b. A person with a physical disability requires a modified work schedule to complete
tasks.
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c. A person who is getting treatment for alcoholism is unable to improve job
performance, which declines steadily.
d. A person with diabetes must take their blood sugar at lunch, which makes other
employees uncomfortable.
48. Roughly how many millennials self-identified as LGBTQ+ in a 2018 survey?
a. less than 2 percent
b. roughly 10 percent
c. about half
d. about one-third
49. Which of the following statements about the Equality Act is accurate?
a. It has not yet passed and currently provides no protection.
b. It currently protects persons who are LGBTQ+ from job discrimination.
c. It currently protects persons who are LGBTQ+ only from discrimination during
employment.
d. It currently protects persons from gender identity discrimination but not sexual
orientation discrimination.
50. Why does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommend
against businesses providing separate bathrooms for transgender individuals?
a. It would be considered a form of reverse discrimination.
b. It would represent an undue burden on transgender individuals.
c. It would stigmatize transgender individuals.
d. It would embolden hate groups.