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Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
d. 4: moral character
44. The Five “I” Format involves which five “I” verbs?
a. integrate, investigate, innovate, isolate, and implement
b. identify, investigate, innovate, isolate, and implement
c. identify, inspect, innovate, isolate, and implement
d. identify, investigate, innovate, insulate, and implement
45. The ______ decision-making format can be summed up by, “Be attentive. Be
intelligent. Be reasonable. Be responsible.”
a. Lonergan/Baird Method
b. Moral Compass
c. Foursquare Protocol
d. Five ”I” Format
46. Which component of moral intensity is determined by widespread agreement that
something is good or bad?
a. magnitude of consequences
b. probability of effect
c. temporal immediacy
d. social consensus
47. Looking for more possible options or alternative courses of action come in which
stage of the Five “I” Format?
a. identify
b. investigate
c. isolate
d. innovate
48. Narrowing in on a solution and considering its course of action and consequences
comes in which stage of the Five “I” Format?
a. innovate
b. investigate
c. isolate
d. implement
49. The ______ decision-making format talks about using four frames or lens of
analysis?
a. Lonergan/Baird Method
b. Moral Compass
c. Foursquare Protocol
d. Five ”I” Format
50. Which component of moral intensity is determined by whether intense suffering
occurs violating one’s sense of justice?
a. magnitude of consequences
b. probability of effect
c. concentration of effect
d. social consensus
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
51. This ethics professor offered a four part “moral compass” philosophy to help with
managerial decision-making.
a. Joseph Badaracco
b. Stephen Goldman
c. Lynn Paine
d. Bernard Lonergan
52. This ethics expert expanded upon Lonergan’s decision-making method?
a. Joseph Badaracco
b. Catharyn Baird
c. Lynn Paine
d. James Rest
True/False
1. Individuals at the preconventional level of moral thinking decide on the basis of direct
consequences.
2. According to results of studies using the Defining Issues Test, when education stops,
moral development plateaus.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
3. Emotions should be kept separate from reasoning.
4. Research suggests that the moral reasoning of men differs from the moral reasoning
of women.
5. Once set, it is impossible to change our moral intuitions.
6. Time pressures increase the likelihood of poor moral decisions.
7. Externally oriented individuals are more likely to persist in ethical tasks than internally
oriented people.
8. Most people tend to overestimate how ethical they are.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
9. Moral sensitivity is the most studied stage in the Four-Component Model of ethical
decision-making and behavior.
10. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development has drawn criticism because it is closely
similar to Rawls’s theory of justice.
11. Researchers have found that only cognitive areas of the brain are activated when
making ethical decisions. Emotional areas of the brain do not respond.
12. An individual that considers ethical issues as a routine part of their decision-making
process evidences perceptional moral attentiveness.
13. Juan notices that daily decisions often involve making decisions between right and
wrong. This evidences perceptual moral attentiveness.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
14. Moral attentiveness is completely an individual predisposition without any additional
influences.
15. Followers are less attentive when they work with ethical leaders in ethical
organizations.
16. Temporal immediacy is the component of moral intensity that involves the likelihood
of an issue generating harm or good sooner rather than later.
Short Answer
1. Name the stage of moral decision-making and action: (1) Executing the plan of action
______. (2) The first stage or step of moral action ______. (3) Greatly influenced by
rewards and emotional states ______. (4) Choosing between possible courses of action
______.
2. Reluctance to using ethical terminology in organizations is referred to as ______.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
3. ______ and ______ play an important role in determining whether or not we follow
through on our moral choices.
4. Implementing a moral choice requires both persistence and ______.
5. The greater the ______ of an issue, the more likely we are to notice it.
6. ______ are those factors that help us give voice to our values.
7. In moral ______, individuals and organizations want to appear ethical but don’t want
to pay the cost of behaving ethically.
8. ______ describes times when people have strong moral opinions but can’t explain
their reasoning.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
9. ______ are general patterns or structures in our memories that are used to solve
ethical issues.
10. What is moral imagination and how can it be developed?
11. Define moral intensity.
12. Name and explain TWO of the components of moral intensity and how they increase
the visibility of a moral issue.
13. Name and explain the four lenses of the Moral Compass.
14. Outline the Five “I” model of decision-making.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
15. What is moral hypocrisy?
16. Explain why time pressures undermine moral reasoning.
17. What are the components of ethical behavior?
18. What is active listening and role playing? How are these applied in ethical decision-
making?
19. What are the three primary destructive motivations noted in the book? Please briefly
explain each destructive motivation.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
20. Compare and contrast the two components of moral attentiveness.
Essay
1. Provide an example of when you fell victim to a cognitive bias that interfered with
your moral reasoning. What can you do to prevent this from happening again?
2. What is your level of moral development? How could you move to a higher stage?
3. Explain how insecurities, greed and ego can disrupt moral reasoning in an
organizational setting. Provide examples.
4. Describe a time when you acted on your ethical convictions. Identify the enablers that
that contributed to your success.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
5. Explain the role moral attentiveness plays in the recognition of ethical issues.
6. Apply the Foursquare Protocol to an ethical issue facing an organization.
7. How can you use emotions more effectively in your ethical decision-making? Outline
some action steps.
8. Apply the following decision-making format to an ethical dilemma in your life. “Be
attentive. Be intelligent. Be reasonable. Be responsible.”
9. Explain the problems that could be associated with a supervisor always stepping in to
resolve conflicts between employees.
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
10. Identify behaviors one would engage in in implementing the Five “I” Format.
11. Describe key decisions that occur in the investigation phase of the Five “I” Format.
12. Pick one of the six components of moral intensity and provide an example for that
component.
13. How can a person enhance their ethical sensitivity?