44. Indoor air pollution
a. can be cured by using air conditioning.
b. is found primarily in less developed countries.
c. is becoming an increasing concern because most people spend the majority of their lives indoors.
d. is not a significant environmental problem.
45. Energy inefficiency is a major concern
a. with renewable energy sources.
b. with transportation, but not in housing.
c. primarily for the wealthy.
d. in all countries.
46. Chemicals or mixtures that may present unreasonable risks of injury to health or to the environment are called
a. industrial wastes.
b. water pollution.
c. toxic substances.
d. radioactive material.
47. “Wicked” environmental problems include
a. smog
b. toxic waste
c. acid rain.
d. all of these.
48. Challenges to accomplishing the goals established at COP21 include all of the following except
a. pricing carbon
b. defining sustainability
c. managing policy risk
d. deciding the role of natural gas
49. Reports of studies explaining and estimating the ecological ramifications of questionable practices and irreversible
uses of resources and proposing detailed, reasonable alternatives to these practices and uses are
a. triple bottom line reports.
b. social needs statements.
c. environmental impact statements.
d. engineering assessment studies.
50. One approach to resolving air pollution problems, intended to reduce a particular pollutant over an entire industrial
region by treating all emission sources as if they were under one bubble is called
a. emissions trading.
b. blanket controls.
c. comprehensive emissions regulation.
d. the clean air provision.
51. The purpose of Superfund legislation was to
a. identify toxic waste sites.
b. eliminate dumping of toxic wastes.
c. clean up hazardous waste dumps and spills.
d. prevent land degradation.
52. In the Montreal Protocol of 1987, most of the nations that produced or used CFCs agreed to
a. a gradual phase-out of those materials.
b. limit future use of CFCs to amounts produced in that year.
c. an immediate ban on all CFCs.
d. a quick phase-out of CFCs.
53. What is not part of the waste management mantra?
a. reuse
b. rehabilitate
c. recycle
d. reduce
54. Circular economy refers to all of the following except
a. the term for the system businesses use to recycle
b. recovering and regenerating resources and products
c. throwing away unused resources
d. keeping resources and extracting value as long as possible
55. Businesses are paying close attention to all of the following green groups except
a. consumers.
b. legislators.
c. employees.
d. investors.
56. Business that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs is following principles of
a. endurance.
b. long-termism.
c. sustainability.
d. ecological determinism.
57. Which of the following is not a CERES principle?
a. protection of the biosphere
b. sustainable use of natural resources
c. reduction of waste
d. cooperation with business and government
58. CERES key drivers include all of the following except
a. competition for resources
b. economic globalization
c. concentrate on industrialized countries
d. connectivity and communications
59. An area that drains to a common waterway is called:
a. urban runoff
b. deforestation
c. watershed
d. ozone
60. When no one takes responsibility for adverse environmental effects ____________ occurs.
a. tragedy of commons
b. toxic waste
c. air pollution
d. deforestation
61. People who prefer to invest in companies with sustainability programs are known as
a. sustainability investors
b. power investors
c. green investors
d. ethical investors
62. Which is not a Global Compact principle targeted toward businesses’ responsibilities for the environment?
a. Promote greater environmental responsibility.
b. Close the gap between renewable and traditional energy sources.
c. Encourage environmentally friendly technologies.
d. Support precautionary approach to environmental responsibility.
63. Hazardous wastes can include all the following except
a. solids.
b. food.
c. contained gases.
d. sludges
64. Large corporations view NGO partners in what way?
a. As trusted partners
b. As brand challenged
c. As useful resources
d. All of these.
65. The Unileaver Sustainable Living Plan includes the following except
a. Improving health and well-being.
b. Reducing environmental impact.
c. Committing to being carbon positive.
d. Enhancing livelihoods.
66. Describe some of the changes that have occurred as a result of global warming.
67. Describe the ethics of the solution that some businesses have for hazardous wastes – transporting and dumping them
elsewhere, legally or illegally.
68. Describe some of the potential effects of water shortages or “water bankruptcy.”
69. What are the likely effects of degraded marine environments?
70. Detail some of the effects of land degradation.
71. What are the answers to our overuse of nonrenewable energy resources?
72. Describe the basic problems of producing toxic substances.
73. Describe what is meant by “wicked problems” and why they are considered so problematic.
74. Explain the concept of the “tragedy of the commons.”
75. What is the focus of sustainability?
Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your
position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
76. Describe the major sources of pollution in the area where you live.
77. Based on the knowledge you gained about emissions trading, decide if this is an acceptable solution to our air
pollution problem.
78. Go to the EPA’s website, http://www.epa.gov/triexplorer, and input your zip code to generate a report about the
releases of toxic chemicals where you live. Research the effects of the largest chemical released in your area. Report your
findings.
79. How is the Flint water crisis an example of the law versus ethics?
80. Is economic growth an appropriate goal for business?
81. Is the green approach just a fad?