Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Ethical Competencies and Perspectives
Multiple Choice
1. Which ethical perspective argues that decisions should be based on what does the
most good for the greatest number of people?
a. categorical imperative
b. Confucianism
c. utilitarianism
d. altruism
2. Which theorist is associated with Justice as Fairness theory?
a. Immanuel Kant
b. John Rawls
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. John Stuart Mill
3. The Categorical Imperative has been criticized for ______.
a. being hard to remember
b. disrespecting the rights of individuals
c. undermining the moral courage of decision makers
d. arguing that universal principles apply in every situation
4. ______ serves as the foundation for moral rights.
a. Justice as fairness
b. Categorical imperative
c. Ethic of care
d. Aristotelian
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
5. A boss bullying an employee violates the ______ of Kant’s categorical imperatives.
a. the golden mean
b. equal liberties
c. treating humanity as an end
d. justice as fairness
6. Juanita sets limits on how much her employees use work computers for personal
business. However, she does not completely ban personal use. She is following which
ethical principle?
a. the golden mean
b. the golden rule
c. what is right for one is right for all
d. the difference principle
7. Which is a true statement about Aristotelian ethics?
a. Make the right choices by following rules or principles.
b. Seek pleasure.
c. It is easy to find the ethical middle ground.
d. Build character through good habits.
8. According to Aristotle, happiness comes from ______.
a. pleasure
b. wealth
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
c. living well on our own
d. fulfilling our purpose
9. What is a true statement about altruism?
a. People are naturally selfish.
b. It’s easy to put into practice.
c. It promotes healthy organizations.
d. It can be counted on to always produce good results.
10. What is the most important virtue according to Confucius?
a. benevolence
b. persistence
c. friendliness
d. discernment
11. All of the following are true statements about Confucianism, EXCEPT ______.
a. advocates for the Golden Rule
b. promotes personal virtue or character
c. emphasizes that people are social creatures
d. forbids making a profit
12. ______ is the Chinese practice of favoring those with social connections.
a. Guanxi
b. Li
c. Etiquette
d. none of these
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
13. All of the following are examples of organizational citizenship behavior EXCEPT
______.
a. staying after hours to help a colleague
b. teaching a newcomer about office procedures
c. showing up on time for work everyday
d. volunteering to clean up after the office party
14. The ethic of care is associated with which ethical perspective?
a. Aristotelian ethics
b. Confucianism
c. altruism
d. categorical imperative
15. Which approach is based on concern for specific individuals?
a. ethic of care
b. utilitarianism
c. justice as fairness
d. none of these
16. All of the following are components of the Care Ethic EXCEPT ______.
a. value emotions
b. separate the public and private spheres
c. specific needs over universal principles
d. people are interdependent
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
17. All of the following are considered strengths of altruism EXCEPT ______.
a. promotes character
b. prevents ethical abuses
c. recognizes that altruism is rare
d. promotes healthy relationships
18. Why should you practice ethical pluralism?
a. find a better solution to a dilemma
b. integrate multiple perspectives
c. new insights for better decision-making
d. all of these
19. What is the goal for utilitarianism?
a. Maximize profits.
b. Maximize the good effects or outcomes of decisions.
c. Pursue what is best for one’s self.
d. Define personal goals and virtues.
20. Who declared “what is right for one is right for all?”
a. Immanuel Kant
b. John Rawls
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. John Stuart Mill
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
21. Which of the following was NOT included in Rawls’ equal liberties?
a. freedom of speech and thought
b. right to vote
c. freedom to own personal property
d. freedom to profit from the highest gains possible
22. The “Golden Mean” is identified with which ethical perspective?
a. Confucianism
b. Aristotelian ethics
c. utilitarianism
d. Kant’s categorical imperative
23. The importance of etiquette (policies, norms, procedures, rituals, etc.) is associated
with which ethical perspective?
a. justice as fairness theory
b. Aristotelian ethics
c. altruism
d. Confucianism
24. Which ethical perspective emphasizes choices based on duty?
a. Kant’s categorical imperative
b. Confucianism
c. justice as fairness theory
d. utilitarianism
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
25. What is NOT a key element of Confucianism?
a. relationships
b. etiquette (policies, norms, and procedures)
c. personal virtues
d. risk
26. Which ethical perspective is likely to overemphasize relationships?
a. Aristotelian ethics
b. Confucian ethics
c. utilitarianism
d. Kant’s categorical imperative
27. All of the following are elements of the definition of organizations EXCEPT ______.
a. three or more people
b. goal directed
c. unstructured interaction
d. socially constructed
28. To become an ethical expert ______.
a. learn in a well structured environment
b. practice ethical problem solving
c. learn from previous ethical experts
d. all of these
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
29. ______ refers to the fact that organizations are greater than the sum of their parts.
a. Hierarchy
b. Synergy
c. Socially constructed
d. none of these
30. All of the following are part of becoming an ethical expert EXCEPT ______.
a. practice
b. study only on your own
c. master both theory and skills
d. gain experience
31. Communication networks are part of which organizational element?
a. socially constructed
b. goal directed
c. systems
d. structured interaction
32. Alyssa strongly desires to become more ethical. She is demonstrating ______.
a. cognitive decision-making competence
b. affective pre-behavioral disposition competence
c. context management competence
d. none of these
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
33. Which of the following is a cognitive decision-making skill or competency?
a. moral courage
b. moral sensitivity
c. moral reasoning
d. exercising business citizenship
34. What kind of approach is best when it comes to organizational ethics?
a. practical approach
b. analytical approach
c. complex approach
d. all of these
35. Ethical experts develop expertise by ______.
a. learning in situations that reward successful behaviors
b. building on knowledge from prior generations
c. putting forth a sustained effort
d. all of these
36. The number within a group that makes for a formation of an organization is ______
or more people.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 12
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
37. Ethical ______ are the key element to developing our ethical competence.
a. theories
b. solutions
c. temptations
d. dilemmas
38. Utilitarians consider ______term consequences when making ethical
determinations.
a. short
b. long
c. medium
d. short- and long-
39. A limited number of flu shots were available at the hospital this season. Dr. Parr
chose to prioritize flu shots for the infants under the age of 2, and any adult over the age
of 80. This is an example of the ______ ethical approach.
a. Kant’s categorical imperative
b. Rawls’s justice as fairness
c. Utilitarian
d. Aristotelian live well
40. Which theorist believed, “What is right for one is right for all?”
a. Confucius
b. Immanuel Kant
c. John Rawls
d. Aristotle
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
41. Which philosopher helped bridge the divide of ethical thought between individual
freedom and social justice?
a. John Rawls
b. Immanuel Kant
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. John Stuart Mill
42. Which philosopher argued that we make better ethical decisions if we develop
character traits and virtues, rather than by making right choices to follow rules and
principles?
a. Kant
b. Rawls
c. Mills
d. Aristotle
43. Jesse decided he would set some personal goals to develop his personal ethics
rather than set a set of rules and guidelines. This is the ______ kind of approach.
a. Aristotelian ethics
b. Rawls’s justice as fairness
c. Kant’s categorical imperative
d. Utilitarian
44. Principle ______ of John Rawls is often included on job applications or
organizational websites.
a. 1: principle of equal liberty
b. 2a: principle of equal opportunity
c. 2b: difference principle
d. 3: principle of fair compensation
Student Resource
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, 5e
Sage Publications, 2022
45. Roberto scrapes the car next to him when backing out of his parking space. No one
is looking. Roberto knows that reporting this to his insurance company will raise his
rates, which he cannot afford. Roberto leaves his telephone number and insurance
information anyway. This represents the aspect of moral ______.
a. courage
b. efficacy
c. maturity
d. ownership
46. The willingness to face danger, strength of will to overcome ethical challenges and
barriers, and maintaining personal principles in the face of outside pressure describes
what component of moral ______.
a. courage
b. efficacy
c. maturity
d. ownership
47. Moral complexity, metacognitive ability, and moral identity are components of moral
______.
a. courage
b. conation
c. maturation
d. ownership
48. Knowledge of oneself as a moral actor represents the ______ component of moral
maturation: