Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition Instructor Resource
Chapter 3
1. In the past, scholars and researchers did not include ________ as part of the moral decision-
making process.
2. Matthew felt the company product could be of danger to its consumers. In an effort to prevent
any further contamination in future sales, he pulled the product from the shelves. This is an
example of which type of moral imagination?
3. We are more likely to recognize a moral or ethical dilemma based on its ______________.
4. If Makena wanted to grow in her ethical sensitivity, a positive step would be:
5. Which Harvard psychologist developed moral stages which illustrated that individuals develop
morally just as they would develop physically?
6. In Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, a child obeys the rules of the house in order to
avoid a punishment. This is an example of which stage in Kohlberg’s moral development theory?
7. The forecasting team needed direction and decisions from their manager, Kathy. They were
already 2 days overdue on the project deadline. Kathy didn’t want to disappoint any of her
colleagues and she was trying to people please all of her co-workers, even to the point of a late
project. Which negative motivating factor did Kathy demonstrate?
8. When a co-worker confronted Grady about the large discrepancy in the inventory list, he
claimed, “The boss made me do it.” This dissonance is an example of:
9. Which is a true statement about the role of emotion in moral decision-making?
10. Emotions or intuitions would be most important in which decision?
11. Susan is strongly against siblings marrying one another but cannot explain why she feels the
way she does. Susan’s response is an example of
12. In _______________, organizational members step outside their current frame of reference
to assess and evaluate.
13. An ethical scandal leading to the loss of billions of dollars and the loss of thousands of jobs
attracts the attention of the public for what reason?
14. Perspective taking skills play an important role in which component of ethical behavior?
15. Most people are at what level of moral development?
16. David looks to his coworkers when determining whether or not he should obey the
company’s code of ethics. He is reasoning at which level?
17. _________ and ____________ play an important role in following through on ethical
choices?
18. Moral ______________ describes the tendency of people to want to appear moral when
acting immorally.
19. Anger over unfair treatment of minimum wage workers is an example of an
20. What is good advice for increasing your moral motivation?
21. Which theorist developed the four-component model of ethical behavior?
22. Problem analysis and data collection come in which stage of the Five “I” decision-making
format?
23. We are more likely to take notice of ethical issues when they involve people who are close to
us. This is referred to as:
24. Which type of moral imagination is needed when society doesn’t recognize the issue and
actors are powerless?
25. Sam is angry about the wide gap between the wealthy and the poor in society. He is
demonstrating which type of moral emotion?
26. People act like natural scientists according to which ethical decision-making framework?
27. Making sense of the data we have gathered takes place during which step of the
Lonergan/Baird method?
28. Which decision-making format highlights the conflicts that can arise between positive
values?
29. Forgetting that we have violated moral rules is associated with which cognitive bias?
30. The last step of the Foursquare Protocol Is:
31. Which of the following is an example of right vs. right ethical choice?
32. Name the stage of moral decision-making and action. Executing the plan of action
_________________________.
33. Name the stage of moral decision-making and action. The first stage or step of moral action
_________________________.
34. Name the stage of moral decision-making and action. Greatly influenced by rewards and
emotional states _______________.
35. Name the stage of moral decision-making and action. Choosing between possible courses of
action ___________________.
36. Reluctance to using ethical terminology in organizations is referred to as
________________________.
37. _____________ and ________________ play an important role in determining whether or
not we follow though on our moral choices.
38. Implementing a moral choice requires both persistence and _________________.
39. The greater the _____________ of an issue, the more likely we are to notice it.
40. _______________ are those factors that help us give voice to our values.
41. In moral ______________, individuals and organizations want to appear ethical but don’t
want to pay the cost of behaving ethically.
42. ___________________ describes times when people have strong moral opinions but can’t
explain their reasoning.
43. ___________ are general patterns or structures in our memories that are used to solve ethical
issues.
44. Individuals at the pre-conventional level of moral thinking decide on the basis of direct
consequences.
45. According to results of studies using the Defining Issues Test, when education stops, moral
development plateaus.
46. Research suggests that the moral reasoning of men differs from the moral reasoning of
women.
47. Once set, it is impossible to change our moral intuitions.
48. Time pressures increase the likelihood of poor moral decisions.
49. Externally oriented individuals are more likely to persist in ethical tasks than internally
oriented people.
50. Most people tend to overestimate how ethical they are.
51. Moral judgment is the most studied stage in the Four-Component Model of ethical decision-
making and behavior.
52. What is moral imagination and how can it be developed?
53. Define moral intensity.
54. Name and explain TWO of the components of moral intensity and how they increase the
visibility of a moral issue.
55. Name and explain the four lenses of the Moral Compass.
56. Outline the Five “I” model of decision-making.
Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition Instructor Resource
Type: E
57. What is moral hypocrisy?
58. Explain why time pressures undermine moral reasoning.
59. Develop a strategy for better managing the unpleasant aspects of yourself in the
organizational setting.
60. Compare and contrast Kohlberg’s and Rest’s models of moral reasoning. Provide an example
of when you fell victim to a cognitive bias that interfered with your moral reasoning. What can
you do to prevent this from happening again?
61. What is your level of moral development? How could you move to a higher stage?
62. Explain how insecurities, greed and ego can disrupt moral reasoning in an organizational
setting. Provide examples.
63. Describe a time when you acted on your ethical convictions. Identify the enablers that that
contributed to your success.
64. Describe a time when you faced an ethical dilemma involving right versus right paradigms.
What positive values were pitted against each other? How did you resolve the dilemma and what
might you do differently next time?
65. Apply the Foursquare Protocol to an ethical issue facing an organization.
66. How can you use emotions more effectively in your ethical decision-making? Outline some
action steps.
67. What’s wrong with judging ethical decisions based on outcomes?