1 The science of ecology can be said to study relationships and connections, as opposed to
individual objects.
(A) True
(B) False
2 The word “ecology” comes from the Greek word oikos, meaning “household.”
(A) True
(B) False
3 Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics that is relevant to the study of ecology.
(A) True
(B) False
4 Rachel Carson was a famous mathematician.
(A) True
(B) False
5 The sustainability movement differs from the environmental movement in that it also
includes economics and equity.
(A) True
(B) False
6 The Endangered Species Act gave some legal protection to listed species and eocsystems
upon which they depend.
(A) True
(B) False
7 Sustainability will prove to be the most consequential discipline of the twenty-first century.
(A) True
(B) False
8 Thomas Malthus is best known for his writings on
(A) economics
(B) population
(C) ecology
(D) group dynamics
9 In the U.S., the system of national wildlife refuges was established by
(A) Theodore Roosevelt
(B) Gifford Pinchot
(C) John Muir
(D) Henry David Thoreau
10 The title of the influential book Silent Spring referred to
(A) a political clampdown
(B) pesticide use
(C) water scarcity
(D) resource depletion
11 Love Canal was
(A) the site of the first Earth Day
(B) an environmental movement
(C) a community that became a hazardous waste site
(D) a pesticide manufacturer
12 Environmental justice refers to
(A) a legal movement to protect ecosystems
(B) a civil rights movement to block the dumping of toxins in minority neighborhoods
(C) a movement that promotes access to a clean, healthy environment as a fundamental human right
(D) both B and C
13 Earthrise was
(A) an early environmental movement
(B) a set of environmental laws
(C) the group sponsoring the first Earth Day
(D) an influential photograph
14 The well-known definition of sustainable development as “development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs” was written in
(A) The first IPCC report
(B) Our Common Future, or the Brundtland report
(C) The first United Nations report, Only One Earth
(D) The United Nations report Blueprint for Survival
15 The Kyoto Protocol relates to
(A) the ozone layer
(B) climate change
(C) persistent organic pollutants
(D) water pollution
16 The Montreal Protocol is
(A) a ban on ozone-depleting chemicals
(B) a limit to greenhouse gases
(C) a ban on toxic chemicals
(D) a limit on electronic waste disposal
(E) ”
17 Which publication is NOT generally considered as one that launched the beginnings of the
environmental movement?
(A) The Population Bomb by Paul Ehrlich
(B) Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered by E.F. Schumacher
(C) Walden: Life in the Woods by Henry David Thoreau
(D) Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
18 Sustainability science first became a recognized academic discipline in
(A) Europe
(B) Canada
(C) United States
(D) Costa Rica
19 Measuring human impact and comparing it with the biophysical world’s carrying capacity is
known as
(A) life cycle assessment
(B) ecological footprint
(C) biological capacity
(D) carbon footprint
20 This accounting process measures the environmental impacts of a material or thing from
cradle to grave:
(A) ecological footprint
(B) life cycle assessment
(C) carbon footprint
(D) life cycle costing