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1.
Chapter 8 discusses four broad goals of an audience. One is security. Which is NOT one
of the other three goals?
A)
fair-mindedness
B)
recognition
C)
growth
D)
connectedness
2.
Which of the following is an example of an informational constraint that you might
confront when completing a project?
A)
You know that your proposal would help the company, but you also know that the
company can’t afford to act on your proposal.
B)
Your document would be most effective if it used color, but your budget will allow
for only black-and-white printing.
C)
You have located advertising brochures and testimonials associated with the
subject you’re writing about, but you can’t find reports on the kinds of controlled
tests that would convince a skeptical reader.
D)
All responses are correct.
3.
Which three of the following are elements of an argument? (Select the three that apply.)
A)
claim
B)
persona
C)
conclusion
D)
evidence
E)
reasoning
4.
Chapter 8 lists four characteristics that can help you establish an effective professional
persona. One is cooperativeness. Which of the following characteristics are also listed in
the chapter? (Select the three that apply.)
A)
fair-mindedness
B)
punctuality
C)
moderation
D)
self-control
E)
modesty
5.
Which of the following is NOT a category of constraints on your ability to be persuasive
in a workplace document?
A)
partitional
B)
personnel
C)
financial
D)
political
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6.
What does it mean to say that a report you are writing contains several logical fallacies?
A)
The reasoning used in your report is supported by several effective examples.
B)
The reasoning used in your report is logical and trustworthy.
C)
The reasoning used in your report is illogical and untrustworthy.
D)
The reasoning used in your report follows an effective pattern used in other good
arguments.
7.
An argument using an appeal to pity is focused on what element?
A)
logic
B)
emotion
C)
memory
D)
the speaker or writer
8.
How does culture affect the process of persuasion?
A)
It determines the content of effective arguments.
B)
It determines the structure of effective arguments.
C)
Both A and B are correct.
D)
None of the responses are correct.
9.
Which statement best exemplifies a modest persona?
A)
“I think the Hughes Security system will give us most of the features we are
looking for.”
B)
“I know the Hughes Security system will give us the features we are looking for.”
C)
“I researched all the options, and I am positive that the Hughes Security system is
the only reasonable option.”
D)
“The president of Hughes Security is a personal friend, and I know they can’t
possibly let us down.”
10.
When used as evidence, what does an effective example do?
A)
It makes concrete ideas more abstract.
B)
It makes abstract ideas more concrete.
C)
It makes concrete ideas more figurative.
D)
It makes abstractions less didactic.
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11.
A writer’s company has just adopted a policy of tracking employee emails to determine
which employee is leaking confidential information. Because the writer knows that this
policy will be unpopular with company employees, which is the best strategy for
announcing the policy to employees in a memorandum?
A)
Present the reasoning behind the new policy and then state the policy.
B)
State the policy and then provide the reasoning.
C)
State only the new policy.
D)
State the reasoning behind the new policy and then state the policy in a follow-up
memorandum.
12.
In the following excerpt, a writer tries to persuade his supervisor to respond to a
government request for proposals (RFP) to build an unmanned surveillance plane for the
military. Which aspects of the paragraph undercut the effectiveness of the passage?
(Choose all that apply.)
I think we are making a serious mistake by not responding. If we don’t respond to this
proposal, we will lose our competitive edge. At a conference last month, for example, I
spoke to a couple of people who said the market for unmanned surveillance aircraft will
grow exponentially during the next 10 years. Can we talk about this more at next week’s
planning meeting?
A)
It argues that the claim is valid because the person making the claim is an
authority.
B)
It assumes what the writer is attempting to prove.
C)
It draws conclusions on the basis of an inadequate sample.
D)
It poses only two alternatives when in fact there might be more.
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13.
In the following excerpt from a proposal seeking funding to upgrade a police
department’s crime lab, which technique for making a persuasive case listed below does
the writer NOT use?
In the past four years, the department’s crime lab has experienced an increase in
fingerprint evidence for comparisons. The increase in volume is a result of submissions
from other rural agencies in the state. However, because our agency cannot access data
maintained within the state’s Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS),
submissions are limited to manual searches of the 14,000 files maintained by our
department. You can imagine the likelihood of missing a fingerprint match while
looking through thousands of fingerprints by hand. In fact, Harlan Andrews, a Senior
Investigator at the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s laboratory, reports that manual
searches often fail to find matches when in fact fingerprint matches exist. To prevent
such errors, our department needs to upgrade its computer system to allow access to
AFIS.
A)
commonsense arguments
B)
examples
C)
expert testimony
D)
numerical data
14.
Which characteristic of an attractive professional persona has the writer of the following
excerpt NOT shown?
As you probably already know, we have a problem with our current documentation.
Users cannot easily locate the serial numbers necessary to complete the online
registration step. The solution below will help us address this problem and eliminate the
customer-support calls we get. It will also solve a few other problems. Last week, others
suggested different solutions. However, I know they will not work. The best course of
action is to prominently display the serial numbers at the start of the chapter labeled
“Registering Your Product.” Our users expect to find the numbers in this chapter.
A)
cooperativeness
B)
moderation
C)
fair-mindedness
D)
modesty
15.
The following statement appears in a proposal to install a large pond near an
amphitheater: “Jones Company is an expert in pond preparation. We installed our first
pond at Jameson Park earlier this year.” What type of reasoning does the passage
display?
A)
post hoc reasoning
B)
inadequate sampling
C)
arguing from ignorance
D)
arguing from authority
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16.
The following statement appears in a university’s report to its board of regents: “Several
other notable universities, including Stanford and Harvard, are offering massive, open
online classes, or MOOCs. It is imperative for Old State University to keep pace in the
educational marketplace.” What type of reasoning does the passage display?
A)
arguing from ignorance
B)
circular argument
C)
ad hominem argument
D)
ad populum argument
17.
The following statement appears in a brochure supporting a law to allow ducks on a lake
on a college campus: “In the other states that have allowed ducks on campus, we know
of no adverse encounters between ducks and people to date.” What type of reasoning
does that passage display?
A)
arguing from ignorance
B)
arguing from authority
C)
post hoc reasoning
D)
circular argument
18.
Which method of addressing opposing viewpoints is likely to be least effective?
A)
Point out any problems in the logic of the opposing viewpoint or the facts used to
support it.
B)
Try to reconcile the opposing viewpoint with your own.
C)
Avoid discussing the opposing viewpoint.
D)
Show that the opposing viewpoint is less strong and attractive than your own.
19.
Which are the four categories of evidence to which people usually respond favorably?
A)
numerical data, examples, commonsense arguments, and celebrity testimony
B)
expert testimony, ideologies, numerical data, and commonsense arguments
C)
examples, commonsense arguments, numerical data, and expert testimony
D)
verbal data, numerical data, expert testimony, and implications
20.
Which of these statements is true?
A)
Writers who appeal to an audience’s sense of reason never use graphics.
B)
Writers who appeal to an audience’s emotions usually do so dramatically.
C)
Writers who appeal to an audience’s emotions usually do not appeal to their sense
of reason as well.
D)
Writers who appeal to an audience’s emotions usually appeal to their sense of
reason as well.
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21.
According to Chapter 8, in most cases the best place to state your claim is at the end of
the argument because you may alienate your audience if you state it at the beginning.
A)
True
B)
False
22.
Ethical constraints arise from applicable laws on labor practices, environmental issues,
fair trade, consumer rights, and so forth.
A)
True
B)
False
23.
A post hoc argument claims that because A preceded B, A must have caused B.
A)
True
B)
False
24.
Graphics and design elements are relatively unimportant in communicating
persuasively.
A)
True
B)
False
25.
People who write proposals are the only technical writers who need to be concerned
with persuasion.
A)
True
B)
False
26.
Effective graphic design is an element of the tone of a document’s argument.
A)
True
B)
False
27.
If you are facing constraints in trying to persuade your audience, you are not an
effective writer.
A)
True
B)
False
28.
A testimonial can be an effective persuasive element.
A)
True
B)
False
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29.
A commonsense argument is usually more persuasive than numerical data.
A)
True
B)
False
30.
It is most effective to present emotional appeals in isolation rather than in combination
with other types of evidence.
A)
True
B)
False
31.
Chapter 8 discusses the four broad goals of an audience. One is security. Name one of
the other three goals.
32.
Give an example of an informational constraint that you might confront in completing a
project.
33.
According to Chapter 8, crafting a persuasive argument involves six tasks. One is using
the right kinds of evidence. What is another of the tasks listed in the chapter?
34.
Chapter 8 discusses the three elements of an argument. One is the claim. What are the
other two?
35.
What type of argument appeals to a person’s understanding and experience of how the
world works?
36.
What type of argument is one made against the writer, rather than against the writer’s
argument?
37.
What type of argument restates the main point without presenting any evidence to
support it?
38.
What type of argument poses only two alternatives when in fact there might be more?
39.
What type of argument states that a claim is valid because many people think it is or act
as if it is?
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40.
What type of argument draws conclusions based on an insufficient number of cases?
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Answer Key