Which of the following is an accurate statement?
a. There is a complete list of adequacy criteria for moral judgments that philosophers all
agree on.
b. Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members
of a given profession.
c. Professional codes of ethics provide a complete and reliable guide to one’s moral
obligations.
d. People who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier
and more satisfying lives than those whose desires extend beyond themselves.
Answer:
The following is a logical fact.
a. All valid arguments are sound arguments.
b. All sound arguments are valid arguments.
c. A sound argument may have a false conclusion.
d. A sound argument may have a false premise.
Answer:
Milton Friedman argues that
a. corporations today should adopt a broader view of their social responsibilities than
they have in the past.
b. corporate officials have a social responsibility that goes beyond serving the interests
of their stockholders.
c. strict governmental controls are necessary if society is to maximize its overall
economic well-being.
d. a business’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits within the rules of the
game.
Answer:
In Anarchy, State and Utopia, Robert Nozick advocates
a. Libertarianism.
b. Kantianism.
c. Utilitarianism.
d. Egoism.
Answer:
Choose the most accurate statement concerning the workplace:
a. If wages conform with the law, they are fair wages.
b. Employers have no obligation to dismiss workers as painlessly as possible.
c. An employer’s financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that
employer’s employees.
d. All instances of nepotism raise serious moral concerns.
Answer:
To the libertarians, their concept of liberty includes a commitment to
a. hedonism.
b. charity.
c. private property.
d. happiness.
Answer:
Aristotle’s formal principle of justice states,
a. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her need.
b. similar cases must be treated alike except where there is some relevant difference.
c. all people are to be treated the same in every situation.
d. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her merit.
Answer:
Which environmental statement is true?
a. Tropical forests are the earth’s richest, oldest, and most complex ecosystems.
b. Because of technological breakthroughs, people living in developed countries put
less strain on the environment than do people in poorer countries.
c. There are only about 1000 species of animals left in the world.
d. The United States consumes only its proportional share of the world’s irreplaceable
natural resources.
Answer:
The difference principle of Rawls states
a. we are all created equal.
b. inequalities are only justified if they benefit the least advantaged.
c. we all deserve the same.
d. some do deserve more than others.
Answer:
The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and
a. safety awareness.
b. eliminating candidates.
c. interviewing.
d. job descriptions.
Answer:
Most Americans believe a corporation’s top obligation is to its
a. nation.
b. stockholders.
c. community.
d. employees.
Answer:
According to John Rawls,
a. people in the original position choose the principles on the basis of self-interest.
b. in the original position, people must have full and complete knowledge.
c. justice forbids any social or economic inequalities.
d. liberty is of little or no importance compared to equality.
Answer:
According to common law, to legally dismiss an employee, an employer
a. cannot have bad motives.
b. is obligated not to discriminate.
c. must have good cause.
d. need have no reason at all.
Answer:
A key idea of Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory is that:
a. all duties are prima facie duties.
b. the moral permissibility of our actions depends entirely upon their consequences.
c. we should treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as means.
d. only pleasure has intrinsic value.
Answer:
Corporations differ from partnerships and other forms of business association in two
ways. One of these is that
a. they are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission.
b. they are formed simply by an agreement entered into among their members.
c. they must be publicly registered or in some way officially acknowledged by the law.
d. their shareholders are entitled to their share of the company’s profits as soon as they
are ascertained or determined.
Answer:
Of the four types of discharge, firing
a. results from an employee’s poor performancethat is, from his or her failure to fulfill
expectations.
b. is for-cause dismissalthe result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of
proprietary information, and so on.
c. usually refers to the temporary unemployment experienced by hourly employees and
implies that they are ‘subject to recall.”
d. designates the permanent elimination of a job as a result of workforce reduction,
plant closing, or departmental consolidation.
Answer:
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of
standards?
a. moral standards are purely optional
b. moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest
c. moral standards cannot be justified by reasons
d. moral standards must be set or validated by some authoritative body
Answer:
Advertising
a. makes the market more efficient.
b. maximizes consumer well-being (thanks to the invisible hand).
c. can’t be restricted without violating the moral rights of advertisers.
d. subsidizes the media.
Answer:
What criteria concerning moral judgments should we agree with?
a. As long as your conduct is legal, then it will be moral.
b. If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.
c. Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to
human welfare.
d. If your conduct follows the guidelines of professional codes of ethics, it will be
moral.
Answer:
In the essay, “Is Business Bluffing Ethical?” Albert Carr insists that business
a. requires people to behave unethically.
b. has nothing to do with morality.
c. has its own special moral rules, divorced from ordinary morality.
d. requires employees to have absolute loyalty.
Answer:
One key questionable premise underlying personality tests is
a. they sometimes screen out potentially creative or individualistic employees.
b. they presuppose that all employees can be validly placed in a small number of
categories.
c. they can help determine job applicants’ areas of adequacy and inadequacy.
d. that all individuals can usefully and validly be placed into a relatively small number
of categories of personality types and character traits.
Answer:
To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual
harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?
a. reasonable person c. hysterical person
b. sensual person d. management person
Answer:
One of the key features of capitalism is
a. favoritism.
b. cooperation.
c. inequality.
d. competition.
Answer:
A moral vegetarian
a. rejects eating meat based on moral grounds.
b. only eats animal that were raised humanely.
c. does not believe animals suffer.
d. the pleasure we get from eating a hamburger justifies the price the animals pay.
Answer:
Which of the following is an accurate statement about employment law in the
workplace?
a. It’s illegal to fire workers because of union membership.
b. Courts at all levels and in all states now agree that employees cannot be dismissed
without just cause.
c. The civil liberties of employees have to be restricted for corporations to run
efficiently.
d. More and more companies are moving toward “employment at will”.
Answer:
In consideration for the obligation to others,
a. we have no genuine moral obligations to future generations.
b. future people have a right to be born.
c. the U.S. uses more than its proportional share of the world’s resources.
d. environmental protection is always a static trade-off, with a fixed economic price to
be paid for the gains we want.
Answer:
According to Shaw and Barry, companies clearly have what kind of obligation to
provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?
a. legal b. moral c. environmental d. personal
Answer:
A decade after wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Park, their presence was
discovered to
a. not change anything.
b. have stabilized their own population.
c. have changed the behavior of elk.
d. be disruptive.
Answer:
Based on guidelines of employer/employee relations, which statement is true?
a. company loyalty is an outmoded, illegitimate concept that employees today reject
b. the traditional law of agency obliges employees to act loyally and in good faith and
to carry out lawful instructions
c. an employee’s work contract is irrelevant to his or her moral obligations
d. no value is more important than loyalty, whether to a person or an organization
Answer:
Inside traders ordinarily defend their actions by claiming that they don’t injure
a. the boss.
b. their family.
c. the President.
d. anyone.
Answer:
As a classical moral justification of capitalism, the natural right to property is a
utilitarian justification.
Answer:
Thomas L. Carlson argues that there are four rules that must be followed for a sale to be
ethical. What are they, and what objections can be raised against them?
Answer:
As a general rule, if the contents of the work agreement that exists between the
employee and the employer are legal and if the employee freely consents to them, then
the employee is under an obligation to fulfill the terms of the agreement.
Answer:
A common argument against the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is that it illegitimately
imposes parochial American standards on foreign countries.
Answer:
Externalities give us a reason to support the narrow view of corporate responsibility.
Answer:
Immanuel Kant believed that it is only when we act out of empathy for others that our
actions have moral worth.
Answer:
The idea that corporations will impose their values on us supports one of the arguments
for the narrow view of corporate social responsibility.
Answer:
Inbreeding is the practice of showing favoritism to relatives and close friends.
Answer:
Strict liability is the same thing as absolute liability.
Answer:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers, both public and private, with
twenty five or more employees.
Answer:
According to Kenneth Arrow, trust and confidence are highly overrated in business.
Answer:
Increased productivity by changing the color of the surrounding working environment
is known as the “Hawthorne effect.”
Answer:
The Employee Polygraph Protection Act permits most private employers to use lie
detectors in “pre-employment testing.”
Answer:
The courts view sexual harassment as a kind of sexual discrimination.
Answer:
W. D. Ross denied that we have immediate, intuitive knowledge of the basic prima
facie obligations.
Answer:
Organizational norms always and inevitably lead to groupthink.
Answer:
Thanks to the EPA, the federal government long ago eliminated the problem of
potentially harmful pesticides and other chemical residues in food.
Answer:
The U. S. trade deficit has shrunk significantly in recent decades.
Answer:
Utilitarians reject the very idea of a natural right to property.
Answer: