Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?
a. regulation can take away an industry’s incentive to do more than the minimum
b. regulation is an incentive to an industry to do more than the minimum
c. regulation does not apply to all equally
d. does not require polluters to use the strongest most feasible means of pollution
control.
Answer:
Since Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1994,
a. all disabled persons must be hired.
b. employers must make “reasonable accommodations” for disabled workers.
c. employees must try to “undo” their disabilities.
d. employers must be careful to ‘screen” out disabled persons.
Answer:
According to the anthropocentric (or human-oriented) ethic of Baxter and others,
a. environmental preservation is inherently valuable.
b. the Grand Canyon is valuable only because people care about it.
c. we have a strong, almost absolute obligation to preserve species from extinction.
d. future people have no interests that we need to respect now.
e. nature has value in and of itself, apart from human beings.
Answer:
Of the four types of discharge, firing
a. results from an employee’s poor performance-that is, from his or her failure to fulfill
expectations.
b. is for-cause dismissal-the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of
proprietary information, and so on.
c. usually refers to the temporary unemployment experienced by hourly employees and
implies that they are ‘subject to recall.”
d. designates the permanent elimination of a job as a result of workforce reduction,
plant closing, or departmental consolidation.
Answer:
Which statement is accurate in its description of consumer protection?
a. The Consumer Product Safety Commission has the power to order recalls.
b. Statistics show that, in fact, safety regulations rarely succeed in increasing safety.
c. Critics agree that the cost of safety regulations and product recalls are negligible.
d. Safety regulations permit people to choose to save money by purchasing riskier (but
less expensive) products.
Answer:
A proper perspective of religion and morality is
a. only religion can tell us what is right and wrong
b. it’s not true that morality must be based on religion
c. religion never influences people’s moral beliefs
d. without religion, people wouldn’t have a reason to act morally
Answer:
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) outlaws grease payments.
Answer:
Momentum for the corporate organization of business really gained momentum after
which war?
a. Revolutionary War
b. French and Indian War
c. Civil War
d. World War I
Answer:
How many Americans believe that “if you work hard enough, you’ll make it?”
a. One out of two. b. One out of three. c. One out of four. d. One out of five.
Answer:
A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of
a. effects, ideals, and obligations.
b. effort, duties, and organization.
c. compassion, intellect, and patience.
d. compliance, contribution, and consequences.
Answer:
Eminent domain is the ancient right of government to take what from an individual?
a. food
b. clothing
c. liberties
d. property
Answer:
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that
postal workers who tested positive for drug use in a pre-employment urine test were at
least 50 percent more likely to be
a. promoted.
b. transferred.
c. honored for community service.
d. fired, injured, disciplined, or absent than those who tested negative.
Answer:
Marxism states
a. capitalism leads to a concentration of property and thus a concentration of resources
and power in relatively few hands.
b. socialism will eventually be replaced by financial capitalism.
c. the means of production should be placed under the control of the bourgeoisie.
d. only workers who are poorly paid in a capitalist system are alienated.
Answer:
Though many jobs are outsourced, most economists believe
a. Mexico is the place to work.
b. the United States is in trouble.
c. the economy will create new jobs in the USA.
d. manufacturing will make a comeback.
Answer:
According to David Ewing,
a. the corporate invasion of employees’ civil rights is rampant.
b. sympathetic strikes ought to be made illegal.
c. employers have the right to fill the positions of striking workers with other workers.
d. seniority ought not be a factor in making transfers or promotions.
Answer:
An assessment of work in America is
a. American manufacturing is growing faster than ever.
b. American corporations ignore short-term performance.
c. manufacturing still employs more people than government.
d. many manufacturing companies have become “hollow” or “weightless”.
Answer:
People generally speak of two kinds of warranties. What are these two kinds of
warranties?
a. express and implied
b. positive and negative
c. limited and unlimited
d. legal and moral
Answer:
The only accurate statement about consequentalism is:
a. Utilitarianism is a nonconsequentialist ethical theory.
b. Utilitarianism is an egoistic normative theory.
c. Consequentialism says that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by
its results.
d. Nonconsequentialists deny that consequences have any moral significance.
Answer:
Consequentialism
a. is best represented by Ross’s theory of ethics.
b. states that sometimes the consequences of our actions can be morally relevant.
c. states that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results.
d. differs from nonconsequentialism because nonconsequentialism denies that
consequences have any moral significance.
Answer:
For employees who are paid handsomely for their efforts, Marx said their work would
ultimately prove to be
a. profitable to them.
b. expensive to them.
c. meaningless to them.
d. tireless.
Answer:
Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will lead to illegal quotas,
preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse
discrimination against white men?
a. affirmative action c. sexual harassment
b. sexual diversity d. age discrimination
Answer:
Since Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1994,
a. all disabled persons must be hired.
b. employers must make “reasonable accommodations” for disabled workers.
c. employees must try to “undo” their disabilities.
d. employers must be careful to ‘screen” out disabled persons.
Answer:
The case of FTC v. Standard Education was important in the legal transition
a. toward the principle of caveat emptor.
b. toward something like the ignorant consumer standard.
c. toward the reasonable-person standard.
d. that removed power from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
Answer:
According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the
prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. Which of the following is one of
them?
a. discriminatory employment practices due to strict constructionist interpretations of
the Constitution
b. the rise of personnel engineering and professional management
c. the common law doctrine of eminent domain
d. employer resistance to unionization
Answer:
An assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves
a. facts.
b. monetary costs only.
c. false opinions.
d. value judgments and factual uncertainties
Answer:
Primary social goods include
a. poverty.
b. freedom of religion.
c. status.
d. leisure time activities.
Answer:
Advocates of “comparable worth”
a. say that all women do their job just as well as men.
b. base their doctrine on the free-market determination of wages.
c. believe it is necessary for getting rid of sexual harassment.
d. want women to be paid as much as men for jobs involving equivalent skill, effort,
and responsibility.
Answer:
When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men-all of them
articulate and conventionally dressed-to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and
Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed
a. sexual discrimination against young African-American men.
b. racial discrimination against young African-American men.
c. sexual discrimination against young white men.
d. racial discrimination against young white men.
Answer:
What do affirmative action programs involve?
a. Firms should prepare an oral equal-employment policy and an affirmative action
commitment.
b. Firms should appoint an administrative assistant to direct and implement their
program and to publicize their policy and affirmative action commitment.
c. Firms are expected to survey current female and minority employment by department
and job classification.
d. Whenever underrepresentation of females or minorities is evident, firms are to try a
little harder.
Answer:
When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that
a. societies never share any moral values in common.
b. in ethics, sometimes the minority is right.
c. we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.
d. as societies evolve, their morality improves.
Answer:
Externalities give us a reason to support the narrow view of corporate responsibility.
Answer:
According to Adam Smith, the division of labor decreases economic activity.
Answer:
The Employee Polygraph Protection Act permits most private employers to use lie
detectors in “pre-employment testing.”
Answer:
Notification of employee monitoring constitutes consent on the part of the employee to
be monitored.
Answer:
The international fishing industry as it exists today gives us good reason to reject the
moral of Garrett Hardin’s “Parable of the Commons.”
Answer:
The express purpose of a boycott is the same as a strike — to hurt the employer and
strengthen the union’s bargaining position.
Answer:
Implicit in capitalism is the view that human beings aim to maximize their economic
self-interest.
Answer:
No set of assumptions about human nature is absolutely correct or incorrect, nor is there
one perfectly right way to manage.
Answer:
Adam Smith made the point that individual pursuit of self-interest (egoistic conduct),
even when subject to rules and constraints, always undermines the utilitarian goal of
producing the most good for all.
Answer:
Fatigue and sleep deprivation are no longer prime causes of industrial accidents.
Answer:
An individual does not have to follow the code of one’s profession.
Answer:
According to Melvin Anshen, the case for a broad view of corporate responsibility can
be defended on the basis of there always being a kind of social contract existing
between business and society.
Answer:
Due care is the idea that consumers and sellers do not meet as equals and that the
consumer’s interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer,
who has knowledge and expertise the consumer does not have.
Answer:
The doctrine of caveat emptor means that the law may be justifiably used to restrict the
freedom of individuals for their own good.
Answer:
Richard Brandt defends a form of act utilitarianism.
Answer:
Advocates of a naturalistic ethic contend that some natural objects are morally
considerable in their own right, apart from human interests.
Answer:
All gifts are bribes.
Answer:
A psychological appeal is one that aims to persuade by appealing primarily to reason
and not to human emotional needs.
Answer:
Manuel Velasquez claims that the corporate internal decision structure of a corporation
shows that a corporation can have both intentions and intentionality.
Answer: