A cross-tabulation is a simple way to describe the relationships between two groups.
Some aspects of surveys may be qualitative.
Totally exhaustive means no overlap exists among the fixed-alternative categories in a
question’s response options.
Data should never be reconstructed.
In a correlation matrix, the main diagonal contains correlations of 1.00 because it
represents a variable’s correlation with itself.
Between-subjects designs involve repeated measures because with each treatment the
same subject is measured.
A person’s knowledge about a brand is part of the affective component of that person’s
attitude toward that brand.
When a third variable inserted into the analysis changes the results when two other
variables were studied previously, this third variable is called a moderator variable.
The coefficient of determination reflects the proportion of variance that can be
explained by the regression line.
The question, “Did you watch the Super Bowl?” on a survey about Super Bowl
advertising effects is an example of a funneling question.
The first stage in the research process is to define the research objectives.
Discriminant analysis predicts a categorical dependent variable based on a linear
combination of independent variables.
Performance-monitoring research is primary used to evaluate employees.
A status bar in an Internet survey gives respondents an indication of questionnaire
length.
The researcher’s hypothesis is generally stated in the form of a null hypothesis.
A study of the recording of a Monday Night Football Game in the National Football
League in which the observer counts the number of shots of cheerleaders on the
sidelines is an example of camera surveillance.
Some might see contrived observation as unethical based on the notion of entrapment.
Two major sources of survey error are random sampling error and nonrandom sampling
error.
An area sample is the most popular type of stratified sample.
Risk aversion is an example of a construct.
Research plays a more prominent role in product-oriented companies than in
customer-oriented companies.
One disadvantage of open-ended response questions is the possibility that interviewer
bias will affect the results.
A census is any complete group whose members share some common set of
characteristics.
The term “research” means “to search again.”
The number of “no contacts” in survey research has been decreasing because of the
increased use of technology that allows people to screen calls.
The purpose of a decision support system is to store data and transform data into
information that is easily accessible to managers.
The most common rule for extracting factors in factor analysis is to base the number of
factors on the number of eigenvalues greater than 1.0
A person’s attitude toward the American’s With Disabilities Act can be directly
observed.
In business research, the process of interpretation should explain the meaning of the
data in the research study to the reader of the research report.
The primary barriers to scientific decisions are time, money, and consensus.
Watson, a computer developed by IBM that beat humans on the television game-show
Jeopardy, uses artificial intelligence that mimics the way the human brain processes
information. This artificial intelligence is called _____.
A.robotic thinking
B.brain simulator
C.intelligent agents
D.neural networks
Research that addresses research objectives through empirical assessments that involve
numerical measurement and analysis approaches is called _____.
A.quantitative business research
B.qualitative business research
C.extensive business research
D.grounded business research
In the regression equation, Y = a + b X , b is the _____.
A.y-intercept
B.independent variable
C.slope of the regression line
D.dependent variable
When a respondent tells the interviewer that he reads The Wall Street Journal on a daily
basis so that he can impress the interviewer, this is an example of _____.
A.interviewer bias
B.auspices bias
C.administrative bias
D.acquiescence bias
Which qualitative research orientation originated in philosophy and psychology?
A.phenomenology
B.grounded theory
C.ethnography
D.anthropology
What type of variable is “dollar sales volume”?
A.continuous variable
B.independent variable
C.categorical variable
D.classificatory variable
Which of the following is a method of data collection that is used in surveys?
A.telephone
B.mail
C.the Internet
D.all of these choices
how do you determine the degrees of freedom in a four-cell chi-square test?
A.(R + 1)
B.(R – 1)
C.(R – 1)(C – 1)
D.R(C – 1)
Cindy is an ethnographer who is trying to better understand how mothers take care of
toddlers. Being a mother herself, she was able to join a mother’s group and spent
considerable time immersed within that culture. From this immersion, she is able to
draw data from her observations. Cindy is referred to as a(n) _____.
A.interloper
B.participant-observer
C.moderator
D.mystery shopper
A researcher is testing the hypothesis stating a positive relationship between business
owners’ level of risk tolerance and the insurance coverage for the business. To test this,
the researcher uses a set of prescribed procedures for establishing and connecting
theoretical statements about these two constructs, for analyzing empirical evidence
gathered through surveys, and for predicting future behavior. This researcher is
following the _____.
A.hypothetical method
B.scientific method
C.deductive method
D.inductive method
Age is an example of a _____ measure.
A.nominal
B.biological
C.discrete
D.continuous
Which of the following are common ways of displaying questions on a computer
screen?
A.drop-down box
B.check boxes
C.open-ended boxes
D.all of these choices
The type of measurement scales used does not influence which multivariate statistical
techniques are appropriate for the data.
When a researcher sets an acceptable significance level a priori (a), he or she is
determining how much tolerance he or she has for which type of error?
A.Type I
B.Type II
C.Type A
D.Type B
Data formatted (structured) to support decision making or define the relationship
between two facts is referred to as _____
A.interpretive
B.inductive
C.information
D.interactive
In using the Z-test for comparing two proportions, if the pooled estimate of the
proportion of successes is 0.36, then the pooled estimate of proportion of failures is
_____.
A.1
B.0.36
C.0.64
D.0.13
When an interviewer conducts a taste test for a new soft drink and asks the respondent
how the product tastes, and the respondent replies: “Pretty good,” and then the
interviewer asks: “Why do you feel that way?”, this is an example of _____.
A.a neutral question
B.an expectant pause
C.a silent probe
D.repeating the question
A formal, logical explanation of some events that includes descriptions of how things
relate to one another is called a(n) _____.
A.hypothesis
B.theory
C.causal statement
D.empirical study
All of the following are forms of variance considered in an F-test EXCEPT _____.
A.SSE
B.SSB
C.SSR
D.SST
All of the following are limitations of international secondary data EXCEPT _____.
A.data may simply be unavailable in certain countries
B.data may be too expensive
C.researchers may question the accuracy of some data
D.various countries use different definitions and accounting and recording practices
In the regression equation, Y = a + b X, Y is the _____.
A.dependent variable
B.slope
C.independent variable
D.Y-intercept
When accountants are tested one year after a training program on a new accounting
software system and perform better on the test, not because of the training program, but
because they have gained one year’s experience in using the software, this is an example
of a _____.
A.selection effect
B.maturation effect
C.history effect
D.cohort effect
Which type of research allows decision makers to make causal inferences?
A.exploratory research
B.descriptive research
C.causal research
D.all of these choices
The Small Business Development Center is conducting an email survey with 25 of its
client small businesses to examine the use of mobile marketing applications. This is a
precursor to a larger study in which the questionnaire will be sent nationwide to more
than 1,000 similar small businesses. This initial small-scale project is known as a
_____.
A.testing study
B.pilot study
C.preliminary study
D.test market
The proposed cause which the researcher controls by manipulating its value in an
experiment is referred to as a(n) _____.
A.experimental variable
B.dependent variable
C.endogenous variable
D.concomitant variable
A researcher is examining the row and column totals in a contingency table of stores
shopped at by gender. What are these called?
A.marginals
B.subtotals
C.totals
D.running totals
Tracking monthly sales trends over the past year is an example of which objective for
secondary data analysis?
A.model building
B.fact-finding
C.database marketing
D.environmental scanning
Which of the following is a dependence method of analysis?
A.structural equations modeling
B.multiple regression analysis
C.multiple discriminant analysis
D.all of these choices
A computer-based system that helps decision makers confront problems through direct
interaction with databases and systems is known as a(n) _____.
A.Internet
B.Intranet
C.decision support system (DSS)
D.global positioning satellite system
The idea that the first concept measured on a questionnaire frequently becomes a
comparison point from which subsequent questions are evaluated by the respondents, is
known as a(n) _____.
A.loaded effect
B.filter effect
C.pretest effect
D.anchoring effect
When a respondent’s answers to ten Likert-scale items are added up to form a total
score for these questions, this is an example of _____.
A.data indexing
B.data transformation
C.contingency analysis
D.data indexing
You have been asked to participate in a business research study. Discuss the rights and
obligations of your role as a research participant.
A(n) _____ refers to a situation in which one chooses from alternative courses of
actions, each with different ethical implications.
The process of taking a questionnaire that has previously been translated from one
language to another and having it translated back again by a second, independent
translator is called _____.
A self-administered questionnaire that is sent to potential respondents through the mail
is called a(n) ______ survey.
In an Internet questionnaire, boxes where respondents can type in their own answers to
questions are called _____.
Explain how the Internet is useful in conducting qualitative research.
The idea that as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of samples of
size n, when randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution is known as the
______.
The mathematical result of describing the relationship between retail demand and
supply for a specific geographic area for a specific product is known as the index of
retail ______ .
Measuring voice frequency as a measure of emotional reactions is called ______
analysis.
A frequency distribution of the population elements is called a(n) _____ distribution.
If a table is based on material from one or more secondary sources rather than on new
data generated by the project, this should be acknowledged in the table’s _____.
A(n) _____ is a list of elements from which a sample may be drawn and is also called
the working population.
An experiment in which each subject receives only one treatment combination is called
a(n) _____ design.
Discuss the factors that influence the statistical choice. If a researcher is examining
factors that influence an automobile’s gas mileage, which statistical tool (or tools) is
appropriate?
When an interviewer is trained to record the respondent’s answers to open-ended
questions by using the exact words used by the respondent, this is another way of
saying: “Record the respondent’s answers ______.”