John Rawls’ Theory of Justice lays within which type of tradition?
a. All for one and one for all.
b. Principled living.
c. Feudal society.
d. Social contract.
Answer:
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) outlaws grease payments.
Answer:
Which of the following is one of the three arguments in favor of narrow corporate
social responsibility discussed in Chapter 5?
a. business-can-handle-it
b. let-government-do-it
c. society-lacks-the-expertise
d. visible-hand
Answer:
Before the case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Car in 1916, the law based a
manufacturer’s liability for injuries due to a defective product on
a. the principle of strict liability.
b. the direct contractual relationship between the producer and the consumer.
c. the principle of the reasonable person.
d. whether or not the manufacturer exercised due care.
Answer:
The best statement concerning corporations is
a. corporations don’t need moral codes.
b. corporate culture refers to the cultural activities sponsored by the company for its
employees.
c. pollution caused by corporations isn’t an externality.
d. corporate culture can be both explicit and implicit.
Answer:
Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?
a. regulation can take away an industry’s incentive to do more than the minimum
b. regulation is an incentive to an industry to do more than the minimum
c. regulation does not apply to all equally
d. does not require polluters to use the strongest most feasible means of pollution
control.
Answer:
One reason for believing that in practice capitalism fails to live up to its own ideal of
competition is
a. we have government subsidies and protective tariffs.
b. monopolies control almost all areas of economic life.
c. so many small companies go bankrupt.
d. the outsourcing of jobs.
Answer:
When religion and morality are considered,
a. the moral instructions of the world’s great religions are often general and imprecise.
b. most people act rightly only because their religion tells them to.
c. atheists are likely to be less moral than religious people.
d. in practice, people who share a religion will agree on all moral questions.
Answer:
An assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves
a. facts.
b. monetary costs only.
c. false opinions.
d. value judgments and factual uncertainties
Answer:
Nonconsequentialists like Ross believe that
a. we have no obligation to promote general welfare.
b. utilitarianism doesn’t require us to sacrifice as much as we should to help other
people.
c. morality permits each of us a sphere in which to pursue our own plans and goals.
d. people’s so-called “moral rights” are unimportant when determining the right course
of action.
Answer:
In Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission, the U.S. Supreme Court
a. defined the free-speech rights of corporations for the first time.
b. defended the first Amendment right of corporations to spend money to support
political candidates they favor.
c. said that banking procedures are to be regulated by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
d. said that states should be permitted to distinguish between the rights of individuals
and the rights of corporations.
Answer:
An exclusive focus on short-term performance
a. is the best guarantee of a company’s long-term performance.
b. has helped to create a high-pressure environment conducive to fraud.
c. encourages long-term research and development.
d. hurts stock prices.
Answer:
Shaw and Barry mention three arguments for legally protecting trade secrets. Which of
these is one of them?
a. Trade secrets are the intellectual property of the employee who developed them.
b. Employees who disclose trade secrets violate the confidentiality owed to their
employers
c. Trade secrets are patented.
d. Trade secrets are trademarked.
Answer:
Experimental studies suggest that when informed that the advice they’re receiving may
be biased because of a conflict of interest,
a. those who disclose a conflict of interest rarely end up giving more biased advice than
those who do not disclose
b. those who disclose a conflict of interest always end up giving more biased advice
than those who do not disclose
c. People tend to fail to discount the advice as much as they should.
d. people tend to discount the advice as much as they should.
Answer:
An ecosystem
a. should never be tampered with. c. can be upset by human behavior.
b. can survive any human intervention. d. is independent of all other ecosystems.
Answer:
The Hawthorne effect shows that
a. quality control circles are important.
b. middle managers are affected by the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the workers
they supervise.
c. attention and recognition can enhance worker productivity and motivation.
d. trade-offs have to be made between productivity and quality of work life.
Answer:
The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and
a. safety awareness.
b. eliminating candidates.
c. interviewing.
d. job descriptions.
Answer:
“Corporate in-fighting,” “management power struggles,” “maneuvering and politics and
power grabbing,” and “Machiavellian intrigues” are all phrases H. Ross Perot uses to
describe
a. the reality of family life today.
b. the reality of corporate life today.
c. the reality of the lunch room.
d. the reality of the drive into work.
Answer:
When it comes to obtaining information about employees, a key concept is
a. informed consent.
b. paternalism.
c. economic efficiency.
d. positive externalities.
Answer:
Which of the following historical stages of capitalism came first?
a. financial
b. mercantile
c. industrial
d. state welfare
Answer:
Karl Marx believed that
a. capitalist workers suffer from alienation.
b. capitalism no longer exploits workers.
c. industrialization does away with alienation.
d. workers are alienated from their products, but not from themselves or other people.
Answer:
Based on guidelines of employer/employee relations, which statement is true?
a. company loyalty is an outmoded, illegitimate concept that employees today reject
b. the traditional law of agency obliges employees to act loyally and in good faith and
to carry out lawful instructions
c. an employee’s work contract is irrelevant to his or her moral obligations
d. no value is more important than loyalty, whether to a person or an organization
Answer:
Polygraph tests
a. are extraordinarily accurate contrary to what the critics say.
b. can produce false positives.
c. cannot reveal with certainty whether a person is or is not telling the truth.
d. are totally reliable because lying always triggers an involuntary response that truth
telling does not.
Answer:
According to W. D. Ross’s theory
a. a prima facie obligation is absolute and can never be overridden.
b. what we should do in any specific set of circumstances will always be self-evident.
c. it would be wrong to lie to a murderer even to save the life of a friend.
d. we have various moral duties that can’t be reduced to a single, overarching
obligation.
Answer:
The “tragedy of the commons” is
a. the lack of a commonsa common place where people can come together.
b. the failure to appreciate what we have in common with other species.
c. that cost-benefit analysis involves value judgments that we do not share in common.
d. that individual pursuit of self-interest can sometimes make everyone worse off.
Answer:
The proper approach to promote safety is to change the “hidden culture” to
a. pay employees more.
b. be proactively oriented toward safety.
c. hides injuries.
d. refuse to talk openly about safety.
Answer:
Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?
a. Unwelcome sexual offers a female employer gives to a male employee.
b. A female employee hugging a co-worker when he announces his engagement.
c. A manager enforcing a dress code for a work environment.
d. An employee pinning up comic strips in an office cubicle.
Answer:
What do affirmative action programs involve?
a. Firms should prepare an oral equal-employment policy and an affirmative action
commitment.
b. Firms should appoint an administrative assistant to direct and implement their
program and to publicize their policy and affirmative action commitment.
c. Firms are expected to survey current female and minority employment by department
and job classification.
d. Whenever underrepresentation of females or minorities is evident, firms are to try a
little harder.
Answer:
The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate
a. ethical relativism. c. groupthink.
b. bystander apathy. d. the paradox of hedonism.
Answer:
Choose the statement that is a true reflection of moral behavior.
a. Conscience is a perfectly reliable guide for moral behavior.
b. Peer pressure has no effect on whether or not people behave morally.
c. Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility.
d. All moral behavior is motivated from religious faith.
Answer:
Which statement is true from an ethical perspective?
a. The argument for strict liability is basically utilitarian.
b. Strict liability is identical with absolute liability.
c. The concept of due care is identical with that of caveat emptor.
d. The argument for due care is basically Kantian.
Answer:
To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual
harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?
a. reasonable person
b. sensual person
c. hysterical person
d. management person
Answer:
Which of the following do advocates of the broader view of corporate social
responsibility believe?
a. Corporations should not internalize their externalities.
b. Moral responsibility arises from social power.
c. Corporations have moral obligations to consumers, to employees, to suppliers and
contractors, to the surrounding community, and to society at large.
d. The moral contract between business and society has changed since the 19th century.
Answer:
Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad,
human conduct in a business context.
Answer:
When used properly, personality tests can help screen applicants for jobs by indicating
areas of adequacy and inadequacy.
Answer:
No set of assumptions about human nature is absolutely correct or incorrect, nor is there
one perfectly right way to manage.
Answer:
Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad,
human conduct in a business context.
Answer:
The sense of private property that is central to capitalism is the ownership of the means
of production and distribution.
Answer:
To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or
job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.
Answer:
“Limited liability” means that members of a corporation are financially liable for
corporate debts only up to the extent of their investments.
Answer:
In a handful of American cities local ordinances prohibit discrimination against those
who are short or overweight.
Answer:
When it comes to the protecting animal interests, the United States is far ahead of
Europe.
Answer:
EEOC lists steps to affirmative action. Name two of them.
Answer:
Robert Nozick uses the Wilt Chamberlain story to show the importance of economic
re-distribution.
Answer:
According to Adam Smith, if business is left to pursue its self-interest, the good of
society will be compromised and harmed.
Answer:
Sometimes companies require employees to sign contracts restricting their ability to get
a job with, or start, a competing company. Because they can conflict with freedom of
employment, not all such “noncompete” or “nondisclosure” contracts are legally valid.
Answer:
The business-can’t-handle-it argument is an argument in favor of a broad view of
corporate responsibility.
Answer:
According to Melvin Anshen, the case for a broad view of corporate responsibility can
be defended on the basis of there always being a kind of social contract existing
between business and society.
Answer: