An assessment of work in America is
a. American manufacturing is growing faster than ever.
b. American corporations ignore short-term performance.
c. manufacturing still employs more people than government.
d. many manufacturing companies have become “hollow” or “weightless”.
Answer:
The goal of advertising is
a. to persuade people to purchase the product.
b. to provide information about goods and services.
c. to provide information about prices.
d. to subsidize the media.
Answer:
Harvard business professor Theodore Levitt has
a. drawn an analogy between advertising and art.
b. proven the possibility of effective subliminal advertising.
c. argued that the process of production today creates the very wants it then satisfies.
d. invented the concept of “puffery”.
Answer:
Utilitarianism is appealing as a standard for moral decision making in business. Which
of the following provides a reason for this?
a. Utilitarianism provides an objective way of resolving conflicts of self-interest.
b. Utilitarianism provides a rigid approach to moral decision making.
c. Utilitarianism provides a fuzzy standard for formulating and testing policies.
d. Utilitarianism gives us firm rules to follow, rules that don’t permit exceptions.
Answer:
The example of Huckleberry Finn shows
a. one should always obey one’s conscience.
b. when in doubt, one should ignore one’s conscience.
c. we shouldn’t rely uncritically on what our conscience says.
d. unlike most people, Huckleberry Finn lacked a conscience.
Answer:
Ethical relativism supports the theory that
a. what is morally right is what society says is morally right.
b. there are no moral values whatsoever.
c. morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being.
d. different societies have different ideas about right and wrong.
Answer:
Which of these is a valid reason for not hiring a potential employee?
a. The person is overqualified.
b. There’s a gap in the person’s unemployment history.
c. The person dresses poorly.
d. The person has a lack of experience.
Answer:
The key moral ideal in promotions is
a. loyalty.
b. likeability.
c. intelligence.
d. fairness.
Answer:
A key idea of Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory is that:
a. all duties are prima facie duties.
b. the moral permissibility of our actions depends entirely upon their consequences.
c. we should treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as means.
d. only pleasure has intrinsic value.
Answer:
Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job
related, and
a. partial toward friends.
b. equally applied.
c. ignore personality.
d. minimize nepotism.
Answer:
Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on
someone who is not in a position to refuse it.
Answer:
The United States has more of what per employee than any other industrial nation?
a. timeclocks
b. work injuries
c. sprains and strains
d. managers
Answer:
If libertarianism is true, which of these statements is true?
a. We should endorse utilitarianism’s concern for total social well-being.
b. Pleasure takes priority over any other moral concern.
c. We should have a “night-watchman” state.
d. If a person comes into possession of a holding through a legitimate transfer, then,
morally speaking, she or he deserves that holding.
Answer:
Many major employers routinely monitor the performance of their employees through
the computers and telephones they use. Employers are allowed to
a. check the number of keystrokes that word processors enter during the day.
b. eavesdrop on e-mail.
c. eavesdrop on fax transmissions.
d. eavesdrop on cell phone conversations.
Answer:
Which of the following considerations about utilitarianism is correct?
a. The great 19th century utilitarians, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, believed
that pleasure and happiness were different things.
b. Unlike Mill, Bentham was only concerned with the amount of pleasure that an action
produces, not the quality of the pleasure.
c. Act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism boil down to the same thing.
d. Utilitarians believe that we can’t compare one person’s happiness with that of another.
Answer:
For years Bayer aspirin advertised that it contained “the ingredient doctors recommend
most.” This is an example of
a. ambiguity.
b. psychological appeals.
c. exaggeration.
d. concealed facts.
Answer:
The most common reason that people leave their jobs is
a. low wages.
b. too much overtime.
c. a poor relationship with their immediate supervisor.
d. lousy benefits.
Answer:
Over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?
a. over 12,000 annually.
b. over 15,000 annually.
c. over 25,000 annually.
d. over 50,000 annually.
Answer:
The difference principle of Rawls states
a. we are all created equal.
b. inequalities are only justified if they benefit the least advantaged.
c. we all deserve the same.
d. some do deserve more than others.
Answer:
Whistle-blowers are only human beings, not saints, and they sometimes have their own
a. salary.
b. self-serving agenda.
c. bandwagon.
d. office.
Answer:
In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness,
condescension, and
a. giddiness.
b. hostility.
c. sternness.
d. questions.
Answer:
Harvard business professor Theodore Levitt has
a. drawn an analogy between advertising and art.
b. proven the possibility of effective subliminal advertising.
c. argued that the process of production today creates the very wants it then satisfies.
d. invented the concept of “puffery”.
Answer:
The case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Car in 1916 changed product liability law. As
a result of it, the courts
a. permitted consumers to sue manufacturers with whom they had no contractual
relationships.
b. adopted the principle of caveat emptor.
c. permitted consumers to sue the retailer from whom they had purchased the product.
d. adopted the principle of strict liability.
Answer:
If an argument is valid, then
a. the argument is sound.
b. the argument’s conclusion must be true.
c. the argument’s premises are true.
d. its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.
Answer:
Which statement best describes capitalism?
a. Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production and distribution
is in state hands.
b. Capitalism is an economic system that operates under the profit motive.
c. Capitalism is an economic system that dispenses with competition.
d. Capitalism is an economic system where the profits generated belong to the state as a
whole.
Answer:
Every year ____ of Americans require medical treatment from product related
accidents.
a. tens of thousands
b. hundreds
c. millions
d. hundreds of thousands
Answer:
In 1972 Congress created one of the most important agencies for regulating product
safety. This agency is the
a. Securities and Exchange Commission.
b. Federal Drug Administration Agency.
c. Fair Packaging and Labeling Commission.
d. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
Answer:
When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that
a. societies never share any moral values in common.
b. in ethics, sometimes the minority is right.
c. we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.
d. as societies evolve, their morality improves.
Answer:
Which of the following is an accurate statement about employment law in the
workplace?
a. It’s illegal to fire workers because of union membership.
b. Courts at all levels and in all states now agree that employees cannot be dismissed
without just cause.
c. The civil liberties of employees have to be restricted for corporations to run
efficiently.
d. More and more companies are moving toward “employment at will”.
Answer:
Advocates of “comparable worth”
a. say that all women do their job just as well as men.
b. base their doctrine on the free-market determination of wages.
c. believe it is necessary for getting rid of sexual harassment.
d. want women to be paid as much as men for jobs involving equivalent skill, effort,
and responsibility.
Answer:
Critics of advertising generally agree that
a. advertising rarely gives consumers much useful information.
b. brand loyalty increases price competition.
c. restrictions on advertising violate the moral rights of advertisers.
d. advertising can only influence us if we want it to.
Answer:
The Wagner Act of 1935
a. established the Food and Drug Administration.
b. prohibits employers from interfering with employees trying to organize unions.
c. guaranteed employers the right of refusing to bargain with union representatives.
d. guaranteed the right to work and outlawed union shops.
Answer:
According to published statistics, each year in the United States nearly 100,000 workers
are killed on the job.
Answer:
The invisible-hand argument against broadening corporate responsibility says that
business’s appetite for profit should be controlled by the hand of the government.
Answer:
Nepotism is the practice of promoting exclusively from within the firm.
Answer:
Immanuel Kant believed that it is only when we act out of empathy for others that our
actions have moral worth.
Answer:
W. D. Ross denied that we have immediate, intuitive knowledge of the basic prima
facie obligations.
Answer:
According to proponents of broadening corporate responsibility, corporations should
welcome the outside opinions of society as a whole, local communities, customers,
suppliers, employees, managers, and stockholders.
Answer:
The law precisely defines the concept of a trade secret, just as it does patents and
copyrights.
Answer:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex,
religion, or national origin.
Answer:
When faced with a moral decision, employees should follow the two-step procedure of
identifying the relevant obligations, ideals, and effects; and then decide where the
emphasis should lie among these considerations.
Answer:
Businesses often claim polygraphs are a fast and economical way to verify the
information provided by a job applicant.
Answer:
What did the Supreme Court decide in 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of
Education?
Answer:
Informed consent implies deliberation and free choice.
Answer:
According to Adam Smith, the division of labor decreases economic activity.
Answer:
According to Keith Davis, in addition to considering potential profitability, a business
must weigh the long-range social costs of its activities as well. A business should act
only if the overall benefit to society is positive.
Answer:
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 forbids companies to pay kickbacks in the
United States, but permits them to pay kickbacks to companies outside the United
States.
Answer: