Which act provides sweeping new legal protection for employees who report possible
securities fraud, making it unlawful for companies to “discharge, demote, suspend,
threaten, harass, or in any other manner discriminate against” them?
a. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
b. Foreign Corruption Act
c. Economic Espionage Act
d. U.S. vs. O’Hagan
Answer:
Which of the following statements is true regarding human rights?
a. Human rights are equal rights; if X is a human right, then everyone has this right.
b. Human rights are transferable and thus “alienable”.
c. Human rights rest on particular roles and special relationships.
d. Human rights are not natural but are always grounded in a specific legal or political
system.
Answer:
Every year ____ of Americans require medical treatment from product related
accidents.
a. tens of thousands
b. hundreds
c. millions
d. hundreds of thousands
Answer:
A proper perspective of religion and morality is
a. only religion can tell us what is right and wrong
b. it’s not true that morality must be based on religion
c. religion never influences people’s moral beliefs
d. without religion, people wouldn’t have a reason to act morally
Answer:
To resolve difficult moral dilemmas, the better we understand the exact ramifications of
the alternativesthe more likely we are
a. to make a sound moral decision.
b. to drive the boss crazy.
c. to be a success.
d. to go to jail.
Answer:
Austin Fagothey and Milton Gonsalves believe a direct strike is justified
a. when it is motivated by revenge.
b. when workers are coerced into striking.
c. when it is a last resort.
d. under no conditions.
Answer:
The divine command theory implies that
a. God commands us to do whatever our reason tells us is right.
b. God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong.
c. God leaves right and wrong up to us.
d. stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.
Answer:
There are two legal types of sexual harassment:
a. male to female, female to male.
b. male to male, female to female.
c. boss to worker, worker to boss.
d. “quid pro quo” and “hostile work environment.”
Answer:
Talk of justice and injustice appeals to the related notions of
a. fairness, equality, desert
b. reason, reflection, deliberation
c. feeling, sentiment, happiness
d. fairness, impartiality, duty
Answer:
Which of the following is not one of the four basic kinds of law?
a. statutes
b. constitutional law
c. common law
d. contractual law
Answer:
The veil of ignorance proposes that
a. those in the original position are supposed to choose principles on the basis of
self-interest, agreement seems unlikely.
b. one group would be supportive of another group benefiting even though the rules are
different.
c. people are fully knowledgeable about themselves or situation allowing them to have
a partial or biased point of view.
d. agreement is difficult to attain.
Answer:
According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the
prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. Which of the following is one of
them?
a. discriminatory employment practices due to strict constructionist interpretations of
the Constitution
b. the rise of personnel engineering and professional management
c. the common law doctrine of eminent domain
d. employer resistance to unionization
Answer:
Which statement best describes capitalism?
a. Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production and distribution
is in state hands.
b. Capitalism is an economic system that operates under the profit motive.
c. Capitalism is an economic system that dispenses with competition.
d. Capitalism is an economic system where the profits generated belong to the state as a
whole.
Answer:
“Puffery” is an example of which of the following deceptive or misleading advertising
techniques?
a. ambiguity
b. exaggeration
c. psychological appeals
d. concealed facts
Answer:
When it comes to obtaining information about employees, a key concept is
a. informed consent.
b. paternalism.
c. economic efficiency.
d. positive externalities.
Answer:
For the first time since the Industrial Revolution, less than ____ percent of the
American workforce was employed by manufacturing.
a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 62
Answer:
One truth about factory farms is
a. they rarely inflict any genuine suffering on animals.
b. most animals we eat are from them.
c. they are necessary to feed the world.
d. they are run by brutal people.
Answer:
When an employee’s interests are likely to interfere with the employee’s ability to
exercise proper judgment on behalf of the organization, what exists?
a. a golden opportunity
b. a conflict of interest
c. a balance of power
d. a disaster
Answer:
Externalities are
a. always positive, never negative.
b. a blessing in disguise in inflationary times.
c. an inevitable by-product of social responsibility.
d. unintended side-effects.
Answer:
The profit motive
a. is a fundamental feature of all societies.
b. is no longer a key feature of capitalism.
c. must be checked by competition if society is to benefit.
d. is basically immoral.
Answer:
According to the utilitarian theory, an action is morally right if and only if
a. it makes the person who does it happy.
b. everyone prefers that action to any other action.
c. it maximizes total, net happiness.
d. it brings only happiness and causes no pain.
Answer:
One of the three important “limits to what the law can do” discussed by Christopher
Stone is
a. laws are passed before there is any real problem to worry about.
b. consumers don’t want further legal regulation.
c. designing effective regulations is difficult.
d. regulators are often “bought off” by corporations.
Answer:
According to John Rawls,
a. people in the original position choose the principles on the basis of self-interest.
b. in the original position, people must have full and complete knowledge.
c. justice forbids any social or economic inequalities.
d. liberty is of little or no importance compared to equality.
Answer:
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
a. makes it easier to fire whistle blowers.
b. reduces the law’s protection of employees who disclose securities fraud.
c. makes it illegal for executives to retaliate against employees who report possible
violations of federal law.
d. provides penalties for blowing the whistle illegitimately or maliciously.
Answer:
Whistle-blowing involves exposing activities that are
a. sports related.
b. immoral or illegal.
c. too close to call.
d. boring and need some excitement.
Answer:
Whistle-blowers are only human beings, not saints, and they sometimes have their own
a. salary.
b. self-serving agenda.
c. bandwagon.
d. office.
Answer:
A common point of contention about corporations is
a. corporate punishment is no different from individual punishment.
b. modern corporations no longer utilize a CID structure.
c. philosophers and business theorists disagree whether corporations are moral agents.
d. if corporations are moral agents, then this relieves individual human beings of any
moral responsibility.
Answer:
Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit
each and every one of us because the air we all breather is cleaner. If an individual
ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then he or she
a. violates our right to a livable environment.
b. is being a free rider.
c. displays an ignorance of ecology.
d. creates an externality.
Answer:
Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?
a. Statutes are laws applied in the English-speaking world before there were any
common laws.
b. Philosophers agree that morality is based on the commands of God.
c. “Groupthink” is a positive and necessary characteristic of all groups.
d. Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live
together.
Answer:
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
a. makes it easier to fire whistle blowers.
b. reduces the law’s protection of employees who disclose securities fraud.
c. makes it illegal for executives to retaliate against employees who report possible
violations of federal law.
d. provides penalties for blowing the whistle illegitimately or maliciously.
Answer:
Morality and self-interest
a. can sometimes conflict.
b. boil down to the same thing.
c. can never come into genuine conflict.
d. are in basic, irreconcilable conflict.
Answer:
The express purpose of a strike is the same as that of a boycott — to hurt the employer
or company financially and strengthen the union’s bargaining position.
Answer:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers, both public and private, with
twenty five or more employees.
Answer:
“Limited liability” means that members of a corporation are financially liable for
corporate debts only up to the extent of their investments.
Answer:
When advertisers conceal facts, they suppress information that is unfavorable to their
products.
Answer:
The connection between rights and duties is that, generally speaking, if you have a right
to do something, then someone else has a correlative duty to act in a certain way.
Answer:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity
Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or
national origin.
Answer:
Three approaches have gained the most attention when it comes to achieving our
environmental goals: the use of regulations, incentives, and pricing mechanisms.
Answer:
Job discrimination occurs if three conditions are met. What are they?
Answer:
If it’s true that individuals have a natural right to own property, then there can be no
limits on this right.
Answer:
One study suggests a positive correlation between job satisfaction and longevity.
Answer:
By definition, whistle-blowing can only be done by a past or present member of the
organization.
Answer:
The disparity between private industrial costs and public social costs is what
economists call an “internality.”
Answer:
The paradox of hedonism (or the paradox of selfishness) is that people who are
exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying
lives than those who are concerned about other people.
Answer:
“Etiquette” designates a special realm of morality.
Answer:
The word “ecosystem” refers to a total ecological community, both living and
non-living.
Answer: