Choose the most accurate statement concerning the workplace:
a. If wages conform with the law, they are fair wages.
b. Employers have no obligation to dismiss workers as painlessly as possible.
c. An employer’s financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that
employer’s employees.
d. All instances of nepotism raise serious moral concerns.
Answer:
Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. Who
decides when such behavior is inappropriate?
a. The person to whom the comments are directed.
b. The person accused of harassment.
c. The hypothetical “reasonable person.”
d. The common law as modified by legislation.
Answer:
The debate over corporate moral agency hinges on which issue?
a. Corporate decision
b. Corporate punishment
c. Individual responsibility
d. Corporate fit
Answer:
Fill in the blank. Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of
affirmative action but also find that ____ benefits when they make themselves more
diverse?
a. the morale of the company
b. the bottom line
c. the law department
d. the managers
Answer:
According to the utilitarian theory, an action is morally right if and only if
a. it makes the person who does it happy.
b. everyone prefers that action to any other action.
c. it maximizes total, net happiness.
d. it brings only happiness and causes no pain.
Answer:
Which of the following accurately reflects the concept of Marxism?
a. It is only within a capitalist economic system that workers are not alienated from the
products of their labor.
b. Only workers who are poorly paid for their labor are alienated.
c. Within a capitalist economic system, the activity of labor is an end in itself and, as a
result, has intrinsic value.
d. Labor is alienated in a capitalist economic system (in part) because the labor of a
worker stands opposed to the worker as an autonomous power.
Answer:
According to Professor Norman Bowie, which of the following factors is relevant to
determining the morality of blowing the whistle?
a. the whistle blower’s motive
b. whether internal channels have been exhausted
c. whether the whistle blowing has some chance of success
d. all of these choices
Answer:
Choose the statement that is a true reflection of moral behavior.
a. Conscience is a perfectly reliable guide for moral behavior.
b. Peer pressure has no effect on whether or not people behave morally.
c. Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility.
d. All moral behavior is motivated from religious faith.
Answer:
Which statement has the proper perspective about drug testing?
a. Due process need not be followed by a business implementing a drug-testing
program for its employees.
b. The government has always opposed testing Federal employees for cocaine and other
illicit drugs.
c. Drug testing can only be defensible when it is really pertinent to employee
performance and when there is a lot at stake.
d. Informed consent need not be observed by a business implementing a drug testing
program for its employees.
Answer:
To be successful any test used by a corporation must be
a. sound.
b. valid.
c. created outside the corporation using the test.
d. one that can be used by any organization for any position.
Answer:
Milton Friedman’s perspective is that the only social responsibility of a business is to
a. provide social benefit for the messes.
b. give jobs to the hard workers.
c. pay taxes to keep the government operating.
d. make money for its owners.
Answer:
Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?
a. Brown v. Board of Education upheld the principle of ‘separate but equal.”
b. The Bakke case outlawed affirmative action across the board.
c. In the 2004 Holtz case, the Supreme Court ruled that “race-conscious” admissions
policies are unconstitutional.
d. In the recent University of Michigan cases (Gratz andGrutter), the Supreme Court
upheld a moderate, flexible affirmative action program and rejected a rigid one.
Answer:
Milton Friedman argues that
a. corporations today should adopt a broader view of their social responsibilities than
they have in the past.
b. corporate officials have a social responsibility that goes beyond serving the interests
of their stockholders.
c. strict governmental controls are necessary if society is to maximize its overall
economic well-being.
d. a business’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits within the rules of the
game.
Answer:
Those with a broader view concerning business obligations believe that with power
comes
a. more power.
b. more money.
c. too many limits.
d. social responsibility.
Answer:
Employers have the right to fire an employee who performs inadequately, but they
should do so
a. as painlessly as possible.
b. with vengeance.
c. in a public display so all can learn.
d. in humiliation.
Answer:
Tests are designed to measure the applicants’ skills in verbal, quantitative, and
a. ethical skills.
b. empathy skills.
c. logical skills.
d. social skills.
Answer:
The first corporations
a. were towns, universities, and ecclesiastic orders.
b. emerged in the 19th century.
c. were government owned.
d. were profit-making associations.
Answer:
The concept of the “invisible hand” means
a. pursuit of private gain will bring the best overall results.
b. although it can’t be seen, the hand of government controls the economy.
c. feudalism inevitably gives rise to capitalism.
d. externalities must be internalized.
Answer:
For those who are trying to make moral decisions,
a. it is impossible to make progress on controversial ethical issues unless everyone
shares the same moral theory.
b. endorsing a moral principle doesn’t require you to apply it in all similar situations.
c. moral judgments don’t have to be related to some general moral principles.
d. in a moral discussion, clarifying the facts and spelling out the principles to which
people are appealing can help us to reach a solution.
Answer:
Morality and self-interest
a. can sometimes conflict.
b. boil down to the same thing.
c. can never come into genuine conflict.
d. are in basic, irreconcilable conflict.
Answer:
According to Locke,
a. individuals are morally entitled to take other people’s property.
b. property is a moral right.
c. individuals are not morally entitled to the products of their labor.
d. property acquisition is a duty.
Answer:
Though many jobs are outsourced, most economists believe
a. Mexico is the place to work.
b. the United States is in trouble.
c. the economy will create new jobs in the USA.
d. manufacturing will make a comeback.
Answer:
In association with labor and capital, Mill had contrasting views of
a. freedom of speech.
b. farmers’ markets profit.
c. welfare.
d. profit sharing.
Answer:
The moral theorist William T. Blackstone claims that the right to a livable environment
a. would solve the problem of how to conserve resources.
b. prevents the use of government regulation to control the actions of business.
c. is a fundamental human right.
d. implies that non-human animals have no genuine moral rights.
Answer:
Legal paternalism is the doctrine that the law
a. may justifiably restrict the freedom of the individual for his or her own good.
b. may justifiably forbid lawsuits against those who act paternalistically.
c. should encourage business to develop a paternal sense of responsibility for
consumers.
d. should only restrict people’s freedom in order to protect other people.
Answer:
What philosopher believes the maximin rule is relevant to justice?
a. John Rawls b. John Stuart Mill c. Robert Nozick d. Aristotle
Answer:
Which of the following is true of factory farms?
a. They are smaller these days than they used to be.
b. The people who run them are brutal.
c. Contrary to the critics, the animals in them rarely suffer.
d. They permit the mass production of meat at low prices.
Answer:
Melvin Anshen suggests that there is a relationship between business and society which
he termed as
a. ‘share the wealth.”
b. “the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.”
c. ‘social contract.”
d. “one for all and all for one.”
Answer:
The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts
a. treated sexual harassment as a form of discrimination.
b. upheld seniority over affirmative action.
c. upheld the legality of hiring quotas.
d. upheld the legality of mandatory drug testing.
Answer:
Businesses cite several reasons for using polygraphs to detect lying. Which of the
following is one of those reasons?
a. the polygraph is a fast and economical way to verify the information provided by a
job applicant.
b. polygraph tests cannot be beaten.
c. the polygraph can reveal with certainty that a person is or is not telling the truth.
d. the polygraph allows companies to increase the number of audits.
Answer:
Griggs v. Duke Power Company, which prohibits
a. tests given to employees or applicants to have inconsistent results.
b. tests given to employees or applicants from being invalid.
c. tests given to employees or applicants from being unreliable.
d. employers from requiring a high school education as a prerequisite for employment
or promotion without demonstrable evidence that the associated skills relate directly to
job performance.
Answer:
Which of the following is a correct statement about union activities?
a. A sympathetic strike occurs when workers who have no particular grievance of their
own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of
others.
b. A corporate campaign occurs when people refuse to patronize companies that handle
products of struck companies.
c. The 1947 Taft-Hartley Act forbids individual states from outlawing union shops.
d. Labor historians generally consider the American Federation of Labor (AFL) the first
truly national trade union.
Answer:
Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit
each and every one of us because the air we all breather is cleaner. If an individual
ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then he or she
a. violates our right to a livable environment.
b. is being a free rider.
c. displays an ignorance of ecology.
d. creates an externality.
Answer:
The only true form of job discrimination is intentional and individual.
Answer:
The distribution of income in Germany and Japan is far more unequal than that in the
United States.
Answer:
Adherents of the broader view of corporate responsibility claim that modern business is
intimately integrated with the rest of society and that, as a result, although society
expects business to pursue its economic interests, business has other responsibilities as
well.
Answer:
Prudential reasons are reasons that refer to the interests of others and the demands of
morality.
Answer:
Moral vegetarians are people who reject the eating of meat on moral grounds.
Answer:
To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or
job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.
Answer:
Jeremy Bentham thought that a community is no more than the individuals who
compose it and that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of
its members.
Answer:
The FTC now follows the reasonable-person standard in matters of advertising, sales
and marketing.
Answer:
Cost-benefit analysis is a device used to determine whether it’s worthwhile to incur a
particular cost.
Answer:
The breaking up of jobs into smaller and smaller units, with each worker performing
fewer tasks but repeating them thousands of times a day, has contributed to health
problems in manufacturing.
Answer:
According to Robert Nozick, the basic moral rights possessed by all human beings are
both negative and natural.
Answer:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity
Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or
national origin.
Answer:
Subliminal advertising is advertising that supposedly communicates at a level beneath
our conscious awareness.
Answer:
When most people fire another employee, they do it with great joy.
Answer:
Worker control socialism is a hybrid economic system with no marketplace and no
profits.
Answer:
According to Norman Bowie, whistle blowing can never be justified because it involves
violating one’s duties to the organization.
Answer:
In his essay “Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency,” Kenneth Arrow has
argued that corporations only have a responsibility to maximize shareholder profits.
Answer:
Milton Friedman argues that business has a responsibility to provide employment,
refrain from polluting, and eliminate discrimination, even when it’s not profitable to do
so.
Answer:
Granting workers new responsibilities and respect can benefit the entire organization.
Answer:
According to Adam Smith, if business is left to pursue its self-interest, the good of
society will be compromised and harmed.
Answer: