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A _____ occurs when subjects have the same value on the X variable, on the Y variable,
or on both.
A. correlation
B. resistant statistic
C. tied pair
D. proportional reduction in error
E. positive relationship
Stories are a strong form of supporting material. Which is a principle of a good story?
A. Use the principle of "tweets"140 characters or lessto keep your sentences dramatic
and punchy.
B. Use the story as a mechanism to show passion and excitement about your topic.
C. Use audience analysis to match the story to your audience and topic.
D. Keep humorous stories short to deliver the punch line quickly.
E. All of the above
Which type of nonprobability sampling technique is most useful when individuals with
the desired characteristics, experiences, or attitudes are difficult to identify or reach?
A. Random sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Snowball sampling
E. Quota sampling
A(n) _____ study explains what happened to a measured variable after-the-fact.
A. ex post facto
B. exploratory
C. experimental
D. statistical
E. causal
The hypothesis that men and women use the Internet approximately the same number of
hours per week is a _____ hypothesis.
A. null
B. one-tailed test
C. two-tailed test
D. test of proportions
E. test of means
_____ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in
fact true.
A. Type I error
B. Two-tailed error
C. Type II error
D. One-tailed error
E. Parametric significance
A list of tables, list of graphs, list of appendices, and list of exhibits are found in which
part of the written business research report?
A. Table of contents
B. Letter of transmittal
C. Letter of authorization
D. Executive summary
E. Introduction
A correlation refers to the _____.
A. estimates of frequency with which a characteristic appears
B. establishing of the direction of causality between two variables
C. described characteristics associated with a subject population
D. relationship by which two or more variables covary
E. estimation of the proportion of a population with certain characteristics
Which of the following terms is used to refer to questionnaires used in personal
interviews?
A. Administrative questions
B. Interview schedules
C. Moderator guides
D. Survey schedules
E. Interview guides
Which of the following display choices is most similar to the histogram?
A. Bar chart
B. Pie chart
C. Boxplot
D. Stem-and-leaf display
E. Line graph
A study of donor behavior for the International Red Cross seeks to identify participation
from consumers through indirect gifts such as purchasing items of which a portion of
proceeds will benefit disaster victims. Because such purchases do not record whether an
individual made the purchase decision as a form of donation, a survey will be used to
identify this behavior. In writing the target questions for the study, the instrument
designer should be aware of errors arising from the issue of _____.
A. precision
B. time for though
C. sensitive information
D. recall and memory decay
E. presumed knowledge
Which term refers to procedures for generating replicable research that are systematic
and empirically-based?
A. Scientific management
B. Total quality management
C. Scientific method
D. Theoretical research
E. Applied research
What types of information can threaten participant confidentiality?
A. Ethnicity
B. Telephone numbers
C. Household income
D. Educational level
E. Gender
Which of the following is an example of an after-only case study experimental design?
A. Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale
B. Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again
C. People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude
toward the brand
D. Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental
groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an
experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand,
and responds to a post-test
E. Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental
groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the
brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group
The hypothesis that the number of hours worked is related to student grade point
average is a _____ hypothesis.
A. null
B. one-tailed test
C. two-tailed test
D. test of proportions
E. test of means
According to a recent poll on the Prevention magazine website:
- 56% reported that their doctor never discusses weight.
- 30% indicated that their doctor discussed weight issues but only if they brought the
topic up first.
-14% reported that weight is not an issue for them.
The Prevention magazine survey results are presented using _____ to present the
statistics.
A. text presentation
B. semitabular form
C. tables
D. graphics
E. allegory
Order, one of the four characteristics of mapping rules, refers to _____.
A. the use of ordered numbers such that two is less than three but greater than one
B. the use of numbers used to group or sort responses when no order to the numbers
exists
C. the use of a series of numbers in which each number is an equal distance from the
next
D. the use of a series of numbers with a unique origin indicated by the number zero
E. the use of a number that is not used again
_____ is concerned with the interaction of the experimental treatment with other factors
and the resulting impact on the ability to generalize results to other times, settings, or
persons.
A. Reliability
B. External validity
C. Internal validity
D. Statistical significance
E. Substantive significance
Which section of a written research report is generally the longest?
A. Introduction
B. Methodology
C. Findings
D. Conclusions
E. Appendix
Which measure of association for nominal variables attempts to correct X2
proportionately to N?
A. Phi
B. Cramer's V
C. Contingency coefficient C
D. F ratio
E. Scheffe's S
The primary concern with using qualitative techniques is that qualitative data are too
_____.
A. expensive
B. time-consuming
C. subjective
D. objective
E. structured
Which of the following can be classified as a causal research study? The researcher is
attempting to find out:
A. What percentage of the population believes consumer products are of the same or
better quality today than 10 years ago.
B. Which manufacturers in the U.S. contribute the highest percentage of their net
income to private non-profit organizations.
C. How the murder rate in Detroit fluctuates with the economy and population trends.
D. Why unemployment is higher in Chicago than Houston.
Which type of study is loosely structured and designed to expand understanding of a
topic and provide insights?
A. Formal
B. Causal-predictive
C. Exploratory
D. Experimental
E. Descriptive
Harris Interactive monthly surveys members of its YouthQuery, a group of consumers
ages 8-18 who were recruited to report consumption data on a variety of products and
their response to various promotional methods. The YouthQuery members are part of
a(n) _____.
A. longitudinal study
B. cross-sectional study
C. monitoring study
D. cohort study
E. statistical study
Metric measures refer to data that are _____.
A. Nominal
B. Interval
C. Ordinal
D. Ratio
E. B & D above
When conducting an ANOVA, if the F ratio is close to 1, which of the following
interpretations is true?
A. The null hypothesis is rejected
B. There is no difference between the means of the groups examined
C. The population means are unequal
D. The between-groups variance is twice the within-groups variance
E. All of the above are true
The _____ describes the function of every government agency and is useful for
identifying key personnel and agency contacts, including those at the local and regional
levels.
A. ABI/Inform
B. Congressional Directory
C. U.S. Government Manual
D. J.D. Power
E. Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
Jason is developing a research design for a study of wine drinkers. The target
population is widely dispersed. Jason needs to collect data on past consumption
behavior and intentions for future behavior. Which type of data collection method is
most appropriate for Jason's project?
A. Communication
B. Observation
C. Monitoring
D. Experimental
E. Causal
Which type of interview requires the least amount of skill and creativity on the part of
the interviewer?
A. Unstructured
B. Structured
C. Semistructured
D. Exploratory
E. Briefing
Which of the following is true of quantitative research?
A. It uses a nonprobability sampling method
B. Results are generalizable
C. Data analysis is ongoing during the project
D. Sample sizes are generally small
E. It uses multiple data collection methods
Repeated measures taken from the same participant are called _____.
A. examinations
B. related samples
C. time series data
D. trials
E. n-way tests
The population of a city is an example of _____ data.
A. ratio
B. interval
C. nominal
D. ordinal
E. dispersed
