Jane works for a manufacturing plant that has been under pressure to reduce pollution.
Jane increased her knowledge of environmental laws in order to help the company
follow waste disposal laws. Which of the following political tactics is being used by
Jane?
A) co-optation
B) increasing control over resources
C) increasing nonsubstitutability
D) controlling the agenda
Which of the following statements is true regarding mechanistic organizational
structures?
A) Mechanistic structures are highly decentralized.
B) Mechanistic structures encourage a culture in which innovation and flexibility are
the desired end states.
C) Mechanistic structures are flat.
D) Mechanistic structures give little personal autonomy to employees.
________ is the process of giving employees throughout the organization the authority
to make important decisions and to be responsible for their outcomes.
A) Empowerment
B) Value engineering
C) Operant conditioning
D) Reciprocal logrolling
________ is a cognitive bias that leads managers to continue a losing course of action
and to refuse to admit they have made a mistake.
A) Escalation of commitment
B) Self-concordance
C) Frequency
D) Representativeness
In the case of a large organization, which of the following options best represents the
accurate chain of command at the corporate management stage?
A) CEO, president, senior vice presidents, executive vice presidents
B) board, CEO, executive vice presidents, presidents
C) CEO, president, executive vice presidents, vice presidents
D) president, divisional managers, executive vice presidents, vice presidents
Chiselers are employees who ________.
A) follow established group norms
B) carry out their duties within themselves
C) work too slowly
D) break the formal rules
When local store managers try to spot trends and changes so that they can respond to
customer needs, they are attempting to ________.
A) increase the elasticity of supply
B) decrease the transaction costs
C) manage the external environment
D) increase the division of labor
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding a tall
organization?
A) A tall organization has few levels in its hierarchy relative to its size.
B) Generally organizations with less than 1000 employees have tall structures.
C) A tall organization has more managers to direct and control employees’ activities
than does a flat organization with the same number of employees.
D) The taller an organization, the more decentralized are its operations.
________ isomorphism results when organizations are forced to adopt
nondiscriminatory equitable hiring practices because they are mandated by law.
A) Coercive
B) Mimetic
C) Normative
D) Natural
Rose supervises Iris, who in turn supervises Violet and Daisy. Violet has four
subordinates and Daisy has six. Which of the following options represents the accurate
spans of control for each of these supervisors?
A) Rose 13, Iris 2, Violet 4, Daisy 6
B) Rose 13, Iris 12, Violet 4, Daisy 6
C) Rose 1, Iris 2, Violet 4, Daisy 6
D) Rose 3, Iris 12, Violet 4, Daisy 6
Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization following a
low-cost strategy?
A) Low-cost organizations typically use complex organizational structures.
B) Typically, low-cost organizations use centralized decision-making.
C) The organizational structure used by a low-cost organization generally has higher
integration than that used by a differentiator.
D) An organic structure is more suitable for a low-cost organization than a mechanistic
structure.
________ functions facilitate the control and coordination of activities within and
among departments.
A) Managerial
B) Adaptive
C) Support
D) Maintenance
The European Union is a ________ force for change.
A) competitive
B) political
C) social
D) demographic
Adding more managers to a company is most likely to result in ________.
A) increase in the degree of centralization
B) flattening of the organizational structure
C) higher bureaucratic costs
D) decrease in the number of hierarchical levels
Which of the following socialization tactics is most likely to be employed by an
organization if it wants to achieve innovation and flexibility?
A) sequential, serial, collective
B) informal, random, investiture
C) fixed, serial, formal
D) formal, collective, sequential
The specific environment consists of forces from ________.
A) outside stakeholder groups that directly affect an organization’s ability to secure
resources
B) inside stakeholder groups that directly affect an organization’s structure
C) general environment that directly affect an organization’s human resource practices
D) inside stakeholder groups that directly affect an organization’s competitive strategies
Which of the following core competences is most likely to be used by a company to
create value while pursuing unrelated diversification?
A) engineering expertise
B) core competences in material management
C) top-management’s ability to efficiently control a group of organizations
D) control over a scarce resource
In which of the following situations is the potential for conflict is highest in an
organization?
A) The organization has low vertical and horizontal differentiation.
B) Subunits in the organization are highly interdependent.
C) Resources are assigned to subunits by top-management so there is no competition
among subunits for resources.
D) Subunits in the organization have similar goals.
________ is the process that ensures the survival of the organizations that have the
skills and abilities that best fit the environment.
A) Triangulation
B) Stimulus generalization
C) Natural selection
D) Habituation
Which of the following terms refers to a sequence of stages of growth and development
through which organizations may pass?
A) organizational life cycle
B) organizational integration
C) organizational metamorphosis
D) organizational decentralization
Which of the following is most likely to increase the environmental dynamism for a
company?
A) the company increases the level of employee empowerment
B) the company changes its organizational structure from functional structure to matrix
structure
C) the company enters into a long-term contract with one of its suppliers
D) the company enters into a foreign market with new products