Secondary data as a means of addressing a management problem are considered weaker
than primary data because the data
A. were was potentially collected to address a different problem
B. are older, and therefore, irrelevant to current conditions
C. are less specific to the current problem
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Jane is conducting interviews in order to develop a customer profile for her client. She
customizes each interview to each participant and does not ask specific questions. What
type of interview format is Jane using?
A. Structured
B. Semistructured
C. Unstructured
D. Closed-ended
E. Direct interviewing
During a Macy’s mystery shopping experience the researcher was asked to enact a
scenario as a very dissatisfied shopper demanding to see the manager. This is an
example of ____.
A. indirect observation
B. participant observation
C. proxemics
D. verbal observation
E. None of the above
Checklists with several items to be considered by respondents may be subject to _____.
A. halo effects
B. leniency effects
C. primacy effects
D. recency effects
E. presumption effects
A(n) _____ question is one designed to conceal the question’s and the study’s true
purpose.
A. undisguised
B. disguised
C. unstructured
D. structured
E. projective
Which form of order bias occurs when a participant tends to choose the first alternative
presented as his or her response to a closed-ended question?
A. Recency effect
B. Primacy effect
C. Halo effect
D. Demand effect
E. Leniency
In evaluating a secondary source, identifying the ______ allows you to identify any
hidden agenda that might bias the information in that source.
A. Purpose
B. Scope
C. Authority
D. Audience
E. Format
True experimental designs differ from pre-experimental designs in that _____.
A. true experimental designs use random assignment
B. pre-experimental designs include the use of a control group
C. pre-experimental designs include the use of pre-tests
D. true experimental designs include multiple treatment groups
E. pre-experimental designs have fewer threats to internal validity
The failure to secure full participant cooperation for a study can result in _____ error.
A. measurement
B. instrumentation
C. data entry
D. sampling
E. nonresponse
The creation of _____ lie at the heart of multidimensional scaling.
A. perceptual maps
B. pair-wise tables
C. part-worth functions
D. eigenvalues
E. covariance matrices
What type of hypothesis states that the sample statistic is not the same as the population
statistic but is either greater than or less than, but not both?
A. Null
B. One-tailed
C. Two-tailed
D. Three-tailed
E. None of the above
Exploratory studies are particularly useful when researchers _____.
A. seek to describe a population’s parameters based on the characteristics of a sample
B. seek to evaluate changes in attitudes over time
C. lack a clear idea of the study’s problems
D. seek to test specific hypotheses
E. all of the above
Which of the following involves a test of two-related samples?
A. test of differences in the percent of men and women who are or are not members of
Greek organizations on campus
B. Test of the average incomes of magazine subscribers of Southern Living verses
Better Homes and Gardens
C. Test of whether the mean salary of professors at Metro University is higher than the
national average for university professors
D. Test of whether a change occurred in the likelihood of heart disease among people
who switched to a diet high in fish
E. Test of differences in ad recall among three experimental groups (each of which saw
a different advertisement) and a control group
In a _____ category codes are ordered from lowest value to highest value with columns
for count, percent, valid percent, and cumulative percent.
A. boxplot
B. histogram
C. stem-and-leaf diagram
D. Pareto diagram
E. frequency table
Which law, along with the Privacy Act of 1974, is the basis for protecting the privacy
and confidentiality of participants and data in research?
A. Civil Rights Act
B. Privacy in Research Amendment
C. Privacy Protection Act
D. Bill of Rights
E. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act
The Likert scale ____.
A. offers 7 scale points between verbal anchors for each scale item
B. is a type of summated rating scale
C. generates ratio data
D. is difficult to construct and infrequently used
E. does not offer the researcher the ability to judge extreme views of the participants
Bar charts differ from column charts in that ____.
A. bar charts are better when data labels must be longer
B. in bar charts the frequencies are represented vertically
C. only bar charts can present both negative and positive changes
D. bar charts offer more easily seen comparisons between variables
E. None of the above
Noted presenter and author Nancy Duarte reminds us of the need to treat your audience
as your first priority: She states, “They didn’t come to your presentation to see you.
They came to find out what you can do for them.” This means that you should ____.
A. give your audience a reason for taking their time
B. provide content that resonates with your audience
C. ensure that it is clear what you want your audience to do
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Concepts are more _____, while constructs are more _____.
A. concrete; abstract
B. abstract; concrete
C. intangible; tangible
D. conceptual; factual
E. intuitive; logical
Proportional reduction in error statistics are used with _____.
A. interval data
B. ratio data
C. regression analysis
D. contingency tables
E. all of the above
Institutional Review Boards concentrate on two key areas. One is the guarantee of
obtaining complete, informed consent from participants. The other is _____.
A. risk/benefit analysis
B. value assessment
C. scientific importance
D. assessment of the fit between the research question and proposed research design
E. evaluation of the proposed budget
At the close of business on Black Friday, Macy’s store employees examined product
displays throughout the store looking for disrupted displays and displays that remained
undisturbed. The information is used to determine what items to put on sale early in the
holiday shopping season. This is an example of using _____.
A. nonverbal observation
B. physical condition analysis
C. activity analysis
D. record analysis
E. data mining
The assumption that data can be described by a straight line passing through the data
array is called _____.
A. resistance
B. normality
C. significance
D. linearity
E. association
All of the following are factors useful in evaluating a source except _____.
A. purpose
B. scope
C. cost
D. authority
E. audience
When organizations protect personal information from loss, misuse, unauthorized
access, disclosure, and destruction, they are following the safe-harbor principle of
_____.
A. security
B. access
C. notice
D. onward transfer
E. data integrity
The process of stating the basic dilemma and then developing other questions by
progressively breaking down the original question into more specific ones is called the
_____.
A. research question
B. management-research-question hierarchy
C. management dilemma
D. management question
E. investigative question
A lie detector is actually a(n) _____ that measures electrical activity in the participant’s
skin.
A. galvanometer
B. video camera
C. eye camera
D. pupilometer
E. people meter
Following the interview question hierarchy, the idea is to ____.
A. Ask the specific questions that address client issues first
B. Introduce multiple topics very quickly, and move the questions between the topics
C. Ask only broad topical questions
D. Start with a broad issue and continue to narrow the topic to reach specific questions
of interest
E. None of the above
Which type of nonprobability sampling technique involves choosing participants who
then refer others with similar or different characteristics?
A. Random sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Snowball sampling
E. Quota sampling
Longitudinal studies of cohort groups _____.
A. study the same people over time
B. use panel members as participants
C. study attitudes at a single point in time
D. use different participants for each sequenced measurement
E. occur under actual environmental conditions
In the study of bystanders and thieves presented in the text, participants are invited to a
store where they see someone steal the purse of another customer. The accosted shopper
and the thief are really acting their parts to set the stage for the experiment. Participants
view the robbery alone or with another participant. The study sought to determine
whether participants were more likely to report a robbery when they observe it alone or
in the company of another person.
In the bystanders and thieves study, what is the independent variable?
A. The store environment
B. Exposure to a robbery
C. State of being alone or with another person
D. Act of reporting the robbery or not
E. Reaction of the accosted shopper following the robbery
Which of the following is true of focus group interviews?
A. Typically made up of 3-5 participants
B. Led by a group leader who is chosen by the participants
C. Meet for 90 minutes to 2 hours
D. Provide quantitative data
E. Used in formal studies
Which term below refers to an electronic storehouse where vast arrays of collected,
integrated data are organized to facilitate retrieval and interpretation by end users?
A. Data mine
B. Data mart
C. Decision support system
D. Decision assessment system
E. Data warehouse
Which of the following questions is best addressed using MANOVA?
A. A real estate development company wants to estimate the probable sales of
construction services on the basis of marriage rates, population movement in the region,
and interest rates on construction loans
B. A psychologist wants to understand the underlying personality factors associated
with materialism in consumers
C. An airline wants to classify its customers into groups based on their relative
profitability
D. The brand manager for Tide laundry detergent wants to understand how consumers
perceive Tide relative to other laundry detergents
E. A retail store wants to determine if there are differences in perceptions of service
quality associated with gender and income level categories