The t-test assumes that the two population means are equal.
The reference base is the number of respondents or observations (in a row or column)
used as a basis for computing percentages in a cross-tabulation.
Direct association means any covariation between a cause and an effect is true and not
simply due to some other variable.
Researchers use forced-choice scales to minimize the number of blank answers.
The degree of accuracy required in sampling may vary form project to project.
A variation of the graphic ratings scale is the ladder scale.
When a researcher varies price levels and examines the impact on sales, he is
conducting an experiment.
Phenomenology represents an inductive investigation in which the researcher poses
questions about information provided by respondents or taken from historical records.
Cross-tabulation allows the inspection and comparison of differences among groups
based on interval or ratio measures.
An important aspect of the field interviewer’s job is to establish rapport with
respondents.
Coding is the application of reasoning to understand the data that have been gathered.
In most organizations, business research directors typically have a formalized role.
Researchers in different functional areas of a business differ in the respect that they
typically use different research methods.
A string is a collection of related fields in a data file.
If a Likert scale statement on five-point scale is recoded, a 4 would be recoded as a 2.
As concepts become more abstract, the easier it is to measure them.
The sentence completion method is a type of free-association technique.
The categories of response bias are mutually exclusive from one another.
One way to describe business research is to categorize it based on the four possible
functions it serves in business: foundational, testing, issues, and validation.
The Fahrenheit temperature scale is an example of a ratio scale.
In most cases, the size of the population does not have a major effect on the sample
size.
Population parameters are measured characteristics of a specific population.
Unless sample size is increased, random sampling errors are unavoidable in survey
research.
The letter of authorization is a letter written by the researcher that details who has
responsibility for the research and describes the resources available to support it.
The logic behind the chi-square test is to compare the observed frequencies with the
expected frequencies in the data set.
A correlation matrix is the standard form for reporting observed correlations between
two variables.
Interactive survey approaches are those that allow spontaneous two-way interaction
between the interviewer and the respondent.
Foxnews.com is an example of a content provider on the World Wide Web.
The two major groupings of statistical procedures are parametric statistics and
nonparametric statistics.
One advantage of qualitative research is that it is highly replicable.
Interrogative techniques simply involve asking multiple what, where, who, when, why,
and how questions.
A confound in an experiment means that there is a spurious relationship between the
independent and dependent variables.
A research project refers to numerous related studies that come together to address
issues about a single company.
A list of all of the members of the San Diego chapter of Notre Dame alumni is an
example of a sampling frame.
An important part of the editing, coding,and filing stages of data analysis is checking
for errors.
All of the following is an important guideline for field interviewers EXCEPT _____.
A.ask the questions in the exact sequence given on the interview questionnaire
B.ask every question on the interview questionnaire
C.ask all questions exactly as they are worded on the interview questionnaire
D.skip questions respondents don”t understand
If 25 of the 35 females in a research study agree with a statement, and 15 of the 35
males agree with this statement, the expected value for males-agree is _____.
A.15
B.20
C.25
D.35
Which of the following is computed by most regression programs and provide an
indication of how much multicollinearity exists among a set of independent variables?
A.c2
B.b
C.collinear coefficient
D.variance inflation factor (VIF)
Which experimental design has the following symbols:
A.static group design
B.Solomon four-group design
C.posttest-only control group design
D.one-group pretest-posttest design
Which of the following is a step involved in the application of the scientific method?
A.statement of hypotheses
B.formulation of concepts and propositions
C.analysis and evaluation of data
D.all of these choices
In test tabulation, what is the typical percentage of responses from completed
questionnaires that a researcher will use to create coding categories?
A.10 percent
B.20 percent
C.30 percent
D.50 percent
Which of the following is a good characteristic for a focus group moderator to possess?
A.good listener
B.ability to make people feel comfortable so that they will talk in the group
C.ability to control discussion without being overbearing
D.all of these choices
Which type of bias occurs when a respondent wishes to create a favorable impression or
save face in the presence of an interviewer?
A.random sampling bias
B.social desirability bias
C.administrative bias
D.interviewer cheating
The conventional rule for computing percentages in a contingency table is to compute
the percentages in the direction of the _____.
A.independent variable
B.marginal totals
C.dependent variable
D.column mean
If the correlation coefficient is – 0.62, the coefficient of determination is approximately:
A.+ 0.38
B.+ 0.62
C.- 0.38
D.- 0.23
All of the following are examples of descriptive statistics EXCEPT _____.
A.p-value
B.average
C.range
D.standard deviation
_____ refers to basic research usually performed by academic researchers that is
financially supported by some public or private institution, as in federal government
grants.
A.Philanthropic business research
B.Priority business research
C.Underwritten business research
D.Funded business research
A firm focusing more on how to provide value to customers than on the physical
product or production process is embracing which business orientation?
A.marketing orientation
B.quality orientation
C.external orientation
D.value orientation
Which of the following is generally considered to be a public place in which
unobtrusive observation is not a serious invasion of privacy?
A.an airport check-in counter at Logan Airport in Boston
B.the St. Louis Art Museum
C.a Radio Shack retail store
D.all of these choices
A researcher is conducting an experiment in which different formats of a prospectus
sent to prospective investors are manipulated. The format of the prospectus is
considered to be a(n) _____.
A.constant
B.unit
C.dependent variable
D.variable
In the communication process, the findings of the research project report would be
considered the _____.
A.message
B.audience
C.feedback
D.source
Which type of measure assigns a value to an observation based on a mathematical
derivation of multiple measures?
A.conglomerate measure
B.derivative measure
C.higher-order measure
D.composite measure
When subjects in an experiment in which the they were exposed to varying price levels
for a product are asked how low they believe the price of the product to be so that the
researcher can determine whether or not the subjects perceived “high” and “low”
conditions, this is an example of a _____.
A.manipulation check
B.reliability assessment
C.factor analysis
D.surrogate manipulation
Anything that may assume different numerical values is considered a(n) _____.
A.variable
B.construct
C.item
D.data point
Which of the following is the first step in developing a business strategy?
A.analyzing firm performance
B.identifying problems or opportunities
C.selecting and implementing a course of action
D.diagnosing and assessing problems or opportunities
Customers going through the drive-thru at Starbucks were being watched to see how
long they look at the menu before ordering. They are unaware that they are being
observed. This type of observation is referred to as _____ observation.
A.unobtrusive
B.visible
C.invisible
D.indirect
3-M Corporation puts together teams of employees from various functional areas such
as engineering, production, finance, and marketing who share a common purpose, such
as new-product development. These types of teams are referred to as _____.
A.cross-functional teams
B.syndicated teams
C.synergistic teams
D.focus groups
Which of the following is an appropriate technique when the inputs are metric?
A.cluster analysis
B.metric multidimensional scaling
C.factor analysis
D.all of these choices
Systematic error is divided into which two general categories?
A.respondent error and administrative error
B.random sampling error and administrative error
C.response bias and interview error
D.primary error and secondary error
Which qualitative tool simply records a respondent’s first cognitive reaction
(top-of-mind) to some stimulus?
A.phenomenology
B.conversations
C.probing
D.free-association techniques
If the correlation between X and Y is -0.72, approximately what percentage of the
variance in Y can be explained by X?
A.52 percent
B.72 percent
C.85 percent
D.28 percent
Which of the following means that the value assigned for a response is treated
oppositely from the other items in a scale?
A.reverse coding
B.indexing
C.alpha coding
D.convergence
When a researcher puts the name of each person on a sampling frame list on a 3″ x 5″
card, shuffles the cards thoroughly, and then selects 35 names from the top of the pile of
cards for a phone interview study, this is an example of what type of sampling
procedure?
A.judgment sample
B.simple random sample
C.stratified sample
D.area sample
When a research agency conducts all telephone interviews from one location where
they can hire a staff of professional interviewers and supervise and control the quality
of interviewing more effectively, this is an example of _____.
A.central location interviewing
B.single-mode interviewing
C.synergistic interviewing
D.quick-response interviewing
Which of the following is the weakest form of causality but is still a useful concept?
A.absolute causality
B.contributory causality
C.conditional causality
D.secondary causality
When the researcher has only one or a small number of research objectives that can be
addressed in a single study, that study is referred to as a _____.
A.research project
B.research program
C.research assessment
D.research snapshot
A ______ variable has two distinct levels that are coded as 0 and 1.
You work at a field interviewing service and are asked by your supervisor to write a job
announcement for a research fieldworker. Describe the role and job requirements of a
fieldworker that you should list in that ad.
You have collected data using a survey and realize that a few respondents did not
answer all of the questions. Explain what you can do about this and also explain how
most statistical programs accommodate an occasional missing response.
A(n) _____ occurs when there is a difference between the current conditions and a more
preferable set of conditions.
The most common method of generating primary data in business research is through
the use of a(n) _____.
An analysis of the cross-tabulations for each level of a variable as it applies to
sub-groups of the sample is known as ______ analysis.
A generalized idea that represents something of meaning is called a(n) ______.
Explain how indexes or composite measures are formed and give an example of how
they are used in business research.
Name and describe the components of construct validity.
A question that is written in such a way that it arouses strong emotion in the respondent
is called a(n) _____ question.
A person who hangs up the phone when he is asked to answer a few questions about his
television viewing habits because he is not interested in participating in the study is
called a(n) ______.
Explain the process and importance of interpretation in business research.
The part of the research report body that must explain technical procedures and findings
of the research in a manner appropriate for the audience is called the ______ section of
the report body
Chance variations in sampling due to the elements selected in the sample are called
______ error.
Rules for interpreting, classifying, and recording data are known as _____.
The statistical measure of the association between two variables is known as the ______
coefficient.
The last step in the writing of the research report is to write the ______.
When a research supplier designs a research study that is tailored to the needs of the
client, this is known as a(n) ______ research study.
When you add up a set of scores and divide the result by the number of scores, you
have determined the ______ of the distribution, which is a measure of central tendency.
When a research organization does the editing of its data using its own staff, this is
known as ______ editing.