Male managers frequently assume that women
a. will not place family demands above work considerations.
b. possess the necessary drive to succeed in business.
c. take negative feedback professionally rather than personally.
d. are too emotional to be good managers.
Answer:
The most accurate statement about workplace safety is:
a. workers are often unaware of the hazards they face on the job
b. employees, not their employers, are responsible for creating a safe workplace
c. in an average year, 150 workers are killed on the job
d. according to experts, industrial accidents “just happen”
Answer:
An exclusive focus on short-term performance
a. is the best guarantee of a company’s long-term performance.
b. has helped to create a high-pressure environment conducive to fraud.
c. encourages long-term research and development.
d. hurts stock prices.
Answer:
If an argument is valid, then
a. the argument is sound.
b. the argument’s conclusion must be true.
c. the argument’s premises are true.
d. its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.
Answer:
For the first time since the Industrial Revolution, less than ____ percent of the
American workforce was employed by manufacturing.
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 62
Answer:
Which statement is true about the hiring and employment process?
a. A job description permits employers to rely on the preferences of their customers as a
reason for discriminatory employment practices.
b. A job specification describes the qualifications an employee needs, such as skills,
educational experience, appearance, and physical attributes.
c. According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the
contrary, every employment is employment “at will.”
d. In validating job specifications, a firm lists all pertinent details about a job, including
its duties, responsibilities, working conditions, and physical requirements.
Answer:
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
a. doesn’t apply to countries where bribery is common.
b. is alleged by its critics to put American companies at a disadvantage.
c. carefully distinguishes bribery from extortion payments.
d. outlaws “grease payments”.
Answer:
Which of the following is an accurate statement?
a. Adam Smith defends capitalism by appealing to the idea of a natural, moral right to
property.
b. Adam Smith denies that human beings are, by nature, acquisitive creatures.
c. A common defense of capitalism is the argument that people have a fundamental
moral right to property and that our capitalist system is simply the outcome of this
natural right.
d. Utilitarians oppose capitalism in principle.
Answer:
If libertarianism is true, which of these statements is true?
a. We should endorse utilitarianism’s concern for total social well-being.
b. Pleasure takes priority over any other moral concern.
c. We should have a “night-watchman” state.
d. If a person comes into possession of a holding through a legitimate transfer, then,
morally speaking, she or he deserves that holding.
Answer:
Which of the following represents a utilitarian belief?
a. Rightness is determined by what most people want, i.e., by majority rule.
b. Rightness is determined by what will bring about the most good.
c. We should concern ourselves only with the immediate results of our actions.
d. We must always disregard our own happiness when deciding what to do.
Answer:
Inside traders ordinarily defend their actions by claiming that they don’t injure
a. the boss.
b. their family.
c. the President.
d. anyone.
Answer:
The “tragedy of the commons” is
a. the lack of a commons-a common place where people can come together.
b. the failure to appreciate what we have in common with other species.
c. that cost-benefit analysis involves value judgments that we do not share in common.
d. that individual pursuit of self-interest can sometimes make everyone worse off.
Answer:
Which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?
a. African Americans have the third highest standard of living in the world.
b. Today, men are just as likely as women to be in so-called “pink collar” occupations.
c. There is little statistical evidence of job discrimination today.
d. Relatively few women and minorities have made it to the very top of their
professions.
Answer:
Animal manure
a. is not available in sufficient quantities to replenish agricultural land.
b. is a large source of pollution.
c. helps counteract the “greenhouse effect”.
d. is potentially more dangerous than nuclear power.
Answer:
According to John Rawls, people in “the original position” choose the principles of
justice on the basis of
a. social utility.
b. their religion.
c. self-interest.
d. their intuitive knowledge of the natural rights of all human beings.
Answer:
Which of the following is true regarding utilitarian beliefs?
a. Utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply immediately, but in the long run
as well.
b. Utilitarians contend that we can determine with certainty what the future
consequences of our present actions will be.
c. When choosing among possible actions, utilitarianism requires us to disregard our
own happiness.
d. For the hedonistic utilitarian, knowledge, friendship, and aesthetic satisfaction are
inherently good.
Answer:
According to one survey of cultural values
a. Americans value work more than Japanese do.
b. for Americans, only good health is more important than work.
c. Americans typically value things like their children’s education and a satisfactory
love life more than work.
d. Americans place no value on work, only on money.
Answer:
Externalities are
a. always positive, never negative.
b. a blessing in disguise in inflationary times.
c. an inevitable by-product of social responsibility.
d. unintended side-effects.
Answer:
According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,
a. future generations of people have a right to be born.
b. future generations have no moral rights.
c. we have no duties to future generations.
d. the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into
existence.
Answer:
Consequentialism
a. is best represented by Ross’s theory of ethics.
b. states that sometimes the consequences of our actions can be morally relevant.
c. states that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results.
d. differs from nonconsequentialism because nonconsequentialism denies that
consequences have any moral significance.
Answer:
For employees who are paid handsomely for their efforts, Marx said their work would
ultimately prove to be
a. profitable to them. c. meaningless to them.
b. expensive to them. d. tireless.
Answer:
The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate
a. ethical relativism.
b. bystander apathy.
c. groupthink.
d. the paradox of hedonism.
Answer:
The case of the “deathbed promise” shows that
a. utilitarianism may lead to conclusions that conflict with commonsense morality.
b. keeping your promises never maximizes happiness.
c. it was wrong to have made the promise in the first place.
d. utilitarianism boils down to egoism.
Answer:
The divine command theory implies that
a. God commands us to do whatever our reason tells us is right.
b. God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong.
c. God leaves right and wrong up to us.
d. stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.
Answer:
According to the Supreme Court,
a. there is nothing improper about an outsider’s using information, as long as the
information is not obtained from an insider who breaches a legal duty to the
corporation’s shareholders.
b. anyone buying/selling stock based on nonpublic information is guilty of inside
trading.
c. insider trading violates the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution.
d. it should be left up to the company, not the government, to decide whether or not to
prohibit insider trading.
Answer:
The statement that accurately describes corporations is
a. corporate shareholders have limited liability for their debts.
b. corporations must be “publicly held” and thus traded on the stock market.
c. corporations are always for-profit.
d. corporate shareholders are immediately entitled to any profits.
Answer:
Which of the following is true?
a. a company is never permitted to test for legal drugs
b. drugs can’t harm employee performance
c. business writers agree that drug testing is more cost effective than voluntary drug
assistance programs
d. media sensationalism and political posturing can get in the way of sensible answers
to the drug problem
Answer:
Adam Smith proposed that in our pursuit of economic interests we are led by
a. our gut instincts.
b. an invisible hand to promote general good.
c. the trends of the economy.
d. the moral compass within each of us.
Answer:
Kenneth Arrow discussed two important situations in which profit maximization can be
socially inefficient. One of these occurs when
a. there is an imbalance of knowledge between buyer and seller.
b. business would be an “inept custodian” of public values.
c. firms are unwilling or simply refuse to maximize profits.
d. corporate culture promotes dysfunctional social relations.
Answer:
Which of the following statements is true regarding human rights?
a. Human rights are equal rights; if X is a human right, then everyone has this right.
b. Human rights are transferable and thus “alienable”.
c. Human rights rest on particular roles and special relationships.
d. Human rights are not natural but are always grounded in a specific legal or political
system.
Answer:
One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as
a. assets.
b. equals.
c. high potentials.
d. playthings.
Answer:
According to Jeremy Bentham, the question is not whether animals can feel pain, but
whether they can talk and reason.
Answer:
Executive Order 10925 decreed that federal contractors should “make rigid quotas to
ensure that applicants are employed without regard to their race, creed, color, or
national origin.”
Answer:
Immanuel Kant believed that prostitution was immoral because, by selling their sexual
services, prostitutes allow themselves to be treated as only a means to an end.
Answer:
Justice Ginsberg and Arthur Levitt suggest that allowing insider trading could lead to a
widespread perception that “the game is rigged.”
Answer:
The express purpose of a strike is the same as that of a boycott — to hurt the employer
or company financially and strengthen the union’s bargaining position.
Answer:
What does Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act say?
Answer:
Distributive justice concerns the morally proper distribution of social benefits and
burdens.
Answer:
It is clear that women in the United States have no problem living the American Dream.
Answer:
Rules of etiquette are always moral rules.
Answer:
An employee can have a conflict of interest even if he or she doesn’t act to the detriment
of the organization.
Answer:
Anti-paternalism is often defended on the assumption that individuals know their own
interests better than anyone else, and that they are fully informed and able to advance
those interests.
Answer:
According to divine command theory, if something is wrong, then the only reason it is
wrong is that God commands us not to do it.
Answer:
Informed consent implies deliberation and free choice.
Answer:
Organizational norms always and inevitably lead to groupthink.
Answer:
According to Cambridge University biologist Andrew Balmford, the loss of nature’s
services is usually outweighed by the benefits of development.
Answer:
Milton Friedman argues that business has a responsibility to provide employment,
refrain from polluting, and eliminate discrimination, even when it’s not profitable to do
so.
Answer:
The terms “affirmative action” and “reverse discrimination” are synonymous.
Answer: