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An acidic solution would have ____.
a. more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions and a pH greater than 7
b. more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions and a pH greater than 7
c. more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions and a pH less than 7
d. more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions and a pH of 7
e. more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions and a pH less than 7
What is an advantage to placing taxes and fees on carbon and energy usage?
a. Tax laws are typically very simple and straightforward.
b. Tax laws tend to have few, if any, loopholes.
c. Lower emissions are nearly guaranteed.
d. Tax laws and fees tend to be politically popular.
e. The administration is simple and revenues are predicable.
The biologists’ observations that the Carson Wandering Skipper populations had
declined is an example of ____.
a. reporting a conclusion
b. identifying a problem
c. performing an experiment
d. proposing a hypothesis
e. making testable predictions
Only about 0.024% of the earth’s vast water supply is available to humans and other
species as liquid freshwater.
a. True
b. False
A tree harvesting method that involves cutting intermediateaged or mature trees singly
or in small groups is called ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclearcutting
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstrip cutting
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYselective cutting
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpatch cutting
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlandscape cutting
Some ecosystems, like tropical rain forests, have high inertia but aren’t very resilient.
a. True
b. False
The term “ecological footprint” can best be described as the
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaverage size of the lot on which a family home
is built
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnumber of acres necessary to grow enough
food to support a family
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeographic area in which a person travels
during the course of their average daily activities
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYamount of land and water needed to supply a
population or an area with renewable resources and to absorb and recycle the wastes
and pollution produced by such resource use
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYamount of tillable agricultural land necessary
to supply the food requirements of a nation
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe normally gradual change in species
composition in a given area in response to changing environmental conditions is called
____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbackground coevolution
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYintraspecific competition
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinertia
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological succession
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommensalism
The hydrologic cycle collects, purifies, and distributes the earth’s fixed supply of water.
a. True
b. False
The identified coal reserves in the United States could last at least ____ years at current
usage rates.
a. 10
b. 50
c. 100
d. 150
e. 250
Surface fires free valuable plant nutrients tied up in slowly decomposing litter and
undergrowth.
a. True
b. False
What is the term for propane and butane gases that can be liquefied under high pressure
during the production of natural gas?
a. methane
b. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
c. liquefied natural gas (LNG)
d. gaseous hydrocarbons
e. unconventional gas
Rapidly growing countries have an age structure that ____.
a. forms an inverted pyramid
b. has a broadbased pyramid
c. shows little variation in population by age
d. has a narrow pyramid
e. has a relatively large postreproductive population
Celebrating and protecting ____ through a variety of approaches is an ethical guideline
for developing more sustainable and compassionate
societies.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresources
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental worldviews
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfullcost pricing
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYearth
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiodiversity
Where is the focus of an earthquake located?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdeep underground at the very source of the
earthquake
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYat the point on land where the majority of
movement, and the majority of damage, occurs
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYat the point on land where the earthquake is
first detected by a seismograph
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYat the exact middle point of the earthquake’s
origin along the length of two faults
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYon the earth’s surface directly above the origin
of the earthquake
Drinking is the biggest use of water worldwide.
a. True
b. False
What is one characteristic of ecological sewage systems as opposed to most current
sewage systems?
a. Less centralized systems of underground sewage pipes
b. Higher water and chlorination bills
c. More difficult to clean up leaks and pollution
d. More energy needed to pump and purify water
e. Less political and community action involved for implementation
One of the cultural preferences driving couples to continue having children in India is
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe preference for female children
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe desire to have both male and female
children
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe preference for male children
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa child benefit paid by the government
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa prohibition against birth control methods
Which type of economist views economic systems as subsystems of the biosphere that
depend heavily on irreplaceable natural resources?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYneoclassical
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclassical
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfullcost
Trace amounts of sex attractants, otherwise known as ____, can be used to lure pests
into traps or to attract their natural predators into crop fields.
a. herbicides
b. hormones
c. pheromones
d. mating pairs
e. shiny colors
The United States National Academy of Sciences says that the federal government is
not doing enough to evaluate potential risks from engineered nanomaterials.
a. True
b. False
The world will very likely run out of oil in the next 10 to 20 years.
a. True
b. False
What decreases photosynthesis in bodies of water?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdiseasecausing organisms
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinorganic plant nutrients
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeroded sediment such as soil or silt
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYheat
e. organic chemicalsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Which activity is an example of environmental degradation?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYUsing solar power at a rapid rate
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYGrowing crops for food
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCutting trees for wood products faster than the
trees can regrow
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHarvesting fish at a sustainable rate
e. Using groundwater at the same rate it is
replenishedHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
As of 2014, the world population is about ____.
a. 3.0 billion people
b. 5.0 billion people
c. 7.0 billion people
d. 9.0 million people
e. 10.0 billion people
Some research has suggested that many toxic waste sites in white communities have
been cleaned up faster and more completely than similar sites in African American and
Latino communities have.
a. True
b. False
Using blood tests and statistical sampling, medical researchers at New York City’s
Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that it is likely that nearly every person on the
earth has detectable levels of ____ in their
bodies.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhazardous chemicals
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarcinogens
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpetrochemicals
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDDT
e. persistent organic pollutants (POPs)HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
One of Brown’s Plan B goals toward shifting to a more environmentally and
economically sustainable future is to stabilize ____
growth.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoverty
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeconomic
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhazardous waster
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpopulation
e. pollution
The term chronic malnutrition refers to people who
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproduce insufficient hormones for metabolic
functioning
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare vegetarians
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeat too much
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsuffer from lack of protein and other key
nutrients
e. eat too much proteinHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Forces inside the earth’s mantle put tremendous stress on rock within the crust. Such
stresses can be great enough to cause sudden breakage and shifting of the rock,
producing ____ in the earth’s crust.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacidification
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconvection
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfaults
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubduction
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrystallization
Why is it less sustainable to eat grainfed beef compared to other meats?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCows need to be raised in feed
lots.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCows have more fat per unit body weight.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYRed meat causes heart disease.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCows produce more methane.
e. Approximately 2 to 3.5 times more grain is needed per equal amount of body
weight.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is the root cause of food insecurity?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinsufficient food resources
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclimate change
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoverty
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolitical disputes
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoor organization
It is estimated that between onefourth and onehalf of the world’s plant and animal
species will suffer premature extinction by the end of this century.
a. True
b. False
Oak, hickory, maple, poplar, and birch are typical tree species in the
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYboreal forest
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtropical rainforest
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtemperate rainforest
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtemperate deciduous forest
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoastal coniferous forest
The global population of seniors —people who are 65 and older —is projected to triple
between 2013 and 2050, when one of every ____________________ individuals is a
senior.
Flowing water is an example of ____________________ energy.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY____________________ is the study of varying
beliefs about what is right and wrong with how we treat the environment.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
In the accompanying figure, how many more men between 20 and 24 years of age
would live if AIDS could be eradicated?
Most precipitation falling on terrestrial ecosystems becomes ____________________,
which ultimately flows into streams, lakes, wetlands, and oceans.
Taxes that discourage pollution are called ____________________.
____________________ is the temporary or permanent removal of large expanses of
forest for agriculture, settlements, or other uses.
Describe the buffer zone concept for designing and managing nature reserves.
_________________________ is the point in time when we reach the maximum
overall rate of crude oil production for the whole world.
How do mountains serve as major storehouses of water for humans and wildlife in the
surrounding area?
The original list from the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
(POPs) of 12 hazardous chemicals, called the ____________________, includes DDT
and eight other chlorinecontaining persistent pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and furans.
Why might the location of the city of Las Vegas in the southwest desert be considered
unsustainable? Consider using information about water scarcity and stress found in
Chapter 11 Water Resources and Water Pollution.
A globalscale outbreak of an infectious disease such as tuberculosis or AIDS is called
a(n) ______________________________.
How are geographic isolation and reproductive isolation related?
Improvements in ____________________ could save at least a third of the energy used
in the world and up to 43% of the energy used in the United States.
If the climate change tipping point is reached in the next few decades, it is expected that
the ____________________ice sheet will collapse and melt.
The chemical symbol for the element phosphorus
From an environmental standpoint, the approaches to hazardous waste of refuse,
reduce, and reuse are preferred because they are ____________________ approaches
that tackle the problem of waste production at the front end.
Briefly explain why it is so expensive to close down a nuclear power plant.
