Which of the following is true regarding Immanuel Kant’s beliefs?
a. He defended a consequentialist theory of right and wrong.
b. He believed that all duties are prima facie duties.
c. He believed that moral principles rest on empirical data, on observation and
experiment.
d. He believed that reason by itself can reveal the basic principles of morality.
Answer:
Forty-three thousand workers each year are
a. killed on the job.
b. laid off.
c. injured on the job.
d. fall asleep on the job.
Answer:
“Puffery” is an example of which of the following deceptive or misleading advertising
techniques?
a. ambiguity
b. exaggeration
c. psychological appeals
d. concealed facts
Answer:
When employees at all occupational levels are asked to rank what is important to them,
the order that put them in is:
a. good pay; enough authority to carry out the work; sufficient help, support, and
information; and interesting work.
b. interesting work; sufficient help, support, and information to accomplish the job;
enough authority to carry out the work; and good pay
c. sufficient help, support, and information to accomplish the job; interesting work;
enough authority to carry out the work,and good pay
d. enough authority to carry out the work; good pay; interesting work; and sufficient
help, support, and information to accomplish the job
Answer:
Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons.
Which of the following is one of those reasons?
a. to equalize their relationship with their employers
b. to distinguish themselves from carpenters and shoemakers
c. to gain control of the German government
d. to avoid having to set minimal standards for their crafts
Answer:
Momentum for the corporate organization of business really gained momentum after
which war?
a. Revolutionary War
b. French and Indian War
c. Civil War
d. World War I
Answer:
The most accurate statement about workplace safety is:
a. workers are often unaware of the hazards they face on the job
b. employees, not their employers, are responsible for creating a safe workplace
c. in an average year, 150 workers are killed on the job
d. according to experts, industrial accidents “just happen”
Answer:
Over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?
a. over 12,000 annually. c. over 25,000 annually.
b. over 15,000 annually. d. over 50,000 annually.
Answer:
Egoism as a psychological theory
a. states that self-interest is the only thing that ever motivates anyone.
b. is the same thing as ethical egoism.
c. states that people are sometimes selfish.
d. is based on egoism as an ethical theory.
Answer:
Rather than strong work ethic, a common attitude is:
a. Me-first
b. Happy days are here to stay
c. I like it easy
d. Let the boss sweat it
Answer:
Primary social goods include
a. poverty.
b. freedom of religion.
c. status.
d. leisure time activities.
Answer:
Rawls rejects utilitarianism because
a. he saw it as a threat.
b. it might permit an unfair distribution of burdens and benefits.
c. governments wanted it.
d. it values moral purity.
Answer:
The first corporations
a. were towns, universities, and ecclesiastic orders.
b. emerged in the 19th century.
c. were government owned.
d. were profit-making associations.
Answer:
Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument
AGAINST affirmative action?
a. Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action.
b. Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms.
c. Affirmative action violates the rights of white men to equal treatment.
d. Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas.
Answer:
A whistle-blower
a. doesn’t have to be a past or present member of the organization.
b. doesn’t have to report activity that is illegal, immoral, or harmful.
c. is any employer who spreads gossip.
d. far from being disloyal, may be acting in the best interest of the organization.
Answer:
According to Galbraith’s “dependence effect,”
a. production depends upon wants.
b. advertising depends on the wants of the consumer.
c. producers use advertising to shape consumer wants.
d. advertising depends on consumerism.
Answer:
Critics of advertising generally agree that
a. advertising rarely gives consumers much useful information.
b. brand loyalty increases price competition.
c. restrictions on advertising violate the moral rights of advertisers.
d. advertising can only influence us if we want it to.
Answer:
The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts
a. constitute the whole of his or her morality.
b. can be distinguished from the person’s morality in a broader sense that includes his or
her values, ideals, and aspirations.
c. rarely guide his or her conduct in practice.
d. are always attained from his or her religion.
Answer:
Which of the following contributed to the more relaxed incorporation procedures of
modern times?
a. The idea that incorporation is a by-product of the people’s right to associate, not a gift
from the state.
b. The move from mercantilist thinking to a belief in Benjamin Franklin’s invisible
hand.
c. The idea that incorporation is a gift from the state.
d. The thought that laissez-faire is a losing proposition.
Answer:
The “rules of the game” for corporate work are intended to
a. let the games begin.
b. promote open and free competition.
c. destroy the competition.
d. make business fun.
Answer:
People generally speak of two kinds of warranties. What are these two kinds of
warranties?
a. express and implied
b. positive and negative
c. limited and unlimited
d. legal and moral
Answer:
One truth about factory farms is
a. they rarely inflict any genuine suffering on animals.
b. most animals we eat are from them.
c. they are necessary to feed the world.
d. they are run by brutal people.
Answer:
The following is a logical fact.
a. All valid arguments are sound arguments.
b. All sound arguments are valid arguments.
c. A sound argument may have a false conclusion.
d. A sound argument may have a false premise.
Answer:
Utilitarians believe that
a. knowledge, friendship, and aesthetic satisfaction are intrinsically valuable (or
inherently good).
b. we can predict with certainty the future consequences of our actions.
c. an action that leads to unhappiness is morally right if any other action that you could
have performed instead would have brought about even more unhappiness.
d. an action can’t be right if the people who are made happy by it are outnumbered by
the people who are made unhappy by it.
Answer:
The idea that corporations are moral agents
a. is accepted by many people and companies without hesitation.
b. has not been accepted by the courts.
c. has not been accepted by any major corporation.
d. is supported by the fiduciary relationship between management and shareholders.
Answer:
William F. Baxter addresses environmental ethics by noting
a. the best ethical position to adopt on environmental issues is a naturalistic position.
b. non-human animals have intrinsic value.
c. judgments about environmental problems ought to be people-oriented.
d. damage to geological “marvels” is inherently wrong and should be prevented.
Answer:
Imagine a shopkeeper who is honest because being honest is good for business. When
the shopkeeper refrains from cheating a customer, Kant would say this action
a. was wrong because its motive was impure.
b. was in accordance with duty, but not done from duty.
c. displayed a high level of moral worth.
d. shows that he was following the categorical imperative.
Answer:
Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Men cannot be victims of sexual harassment.
b. The Supreme Court has established a hard and fast line between permissible and
impermissible affirmative action plans.
c. The law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination.
d. Differences in levels and types of education explain why, on the average, men earn
more than women.
Answer:
Which of the following is true of a regulatory approach to environmental problems?
a. It proceeds on a case-by-case basis, dealing with each company’s specific
circumstances.
b. It gives companies an incentive to do more than the minimum required by law.
c. It requires the EPA or other body to determine the most effective, feasible
pollution-control technology for each different industry.
d. It involves the use of pricing mechanisms.
Answer:
According to Kant
a. good will is the only thing that is good in itself.
b. an action has moral worth if it is consistent with the categorical imperative.
c. only actions based on feeling or sentiment have moral worth.
d. a self-interested person can never do the right action.
Answer:
Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?
a. Most women want a rigid schedule.
b. Most women want the most challenging job.
c. Most women have chosen the higher paying occupations.
d. Most women have freely chosen the lower paying occupations.
Answer:
An argument is valid only if all its premises are true.
Answer:
According to Jennifer Moore the real reason insider trading should be prohibited is that
it undermines the fiduciary relationship that is at the heart of business management.
Answer:
Defenders of advertising claim that, despite criticisms, advertising enjoys protection
under the first Amendment as a form of speech.
Answer:
John Kenneth Galbraith rejects the assumption that Smith’s invisible hand will solve all
social and economic problems.
Answer:
In theory and practice, law codifies customs, ideals, beliefs, and a society’s moral
values.
Answer:
Capitalism is possible without private property.
Answer:
Business’s responsibility for understanding and providing for consumer needs derives
from the fact that citizen-consumers are dependent on business to satisfy their needs.
Answer:
Companies that in years past were identified with making goods of all sorts now are
likely to produce only the package and the label.
Answer:
According to Marx, when workers are alienated they are not truly free.
Answer:
According to William F. Baxter, we ought to respect the “balance of nature” and
“preserve the environment” even if doing so brings no benefit to human beings.
Answer:
Granting workers new responsibilities and respect can benefit the entire organization.
Answer:
It is morally right for employers to dismiss employees for any reason.
Answer:
Corporate internal decision (CID) structures amount to established procedures for
accomplishing specific goals.
Answer:
By “maxim,” Immanuel Kant meant the subjective principle of an action, the principle
that people in effect formulate in determining their conduct.
Answer:
A corporate campaign occurs when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to
force an employer to comply with its demands.
Answer:
An individual is usually an equal with the employer in the negotiation process.
Answer:
Cost-benefit analyses of rival environmental policies inevitably involve making value
judgments about nonmonetary costs and benefits.
Answer: