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Polar bears might only be found in ____ at the end of this
century.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYareas with icebergs
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYvery limited areas
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYzoos
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe immediate north and south pole regions
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYremote mountains with glaciers
What may have prevented the use of bioplastics in the past century?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe technology for mass production of
bioplastics was not yet available.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe materials needed for bioplastics was used
for food.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBioplastics were viewed as inferior materials.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYOil became widely available and
petrochemical plastics took over the market.
e. Synthetic plastic producers had a strong government
lobby.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Which country has passed a law that states all chemicals that are persistent and can
accumulate in living tissue will be banned by the year 2020?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe United States
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYFrance
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYChina
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNorway
e. SwedenHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The human population can maintain an exponential growth rate indefinitely because we
are exempt from population crashes.
a. True
b. False
Nuclear power is now the world's fastestgrowing energy source.
a. True
b. False
Natural resources are considered natural capital, whereas natural services are not.
a. True
b. False
The United State is the only industrialized nation that can export its electronic waste
legally simply because it has not ratified the Basel Convention.
a. True
b. False
Geographic Information System (GIS) software allows scientists to
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsimulate realworld conditions in laboratory
experiments
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconnect to the internet from remote locations
in the field
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconnect to and control experiments in the field
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcapture, store, analyze, and display geographic
data
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsimulate the behavior of ecosystems
What has been identified as one of the five major causes of the environmental problems
we face?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYperverse subsidies
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhazardous waste
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYignorance
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcorruption
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoverty
Succulent plants are most likely to be found in ____.
a. aquatic habitats
b. cold ecosystems
c. high elevations
d. temperate deserts
e. coastal ecosystems
Radioactive decay occurs when the nuclei of unstable isotopes spontaneously emit
fastmoving chunks of matter (alpha particles or beta particles), highenergy radiation
(gamma rays), or both at a fixed rate.
a. True
b. False
The world’s 30,000 known species of spiders
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkill more livestock with poisonous bites than
any other threat
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhave to be controlled in order for integrated
pest management to work properly
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare a threat not only to livestock, but also to
rural farmers because they nest in sheds where equipment is stored and later retrieved
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkill far more cropeating insects every year than
humans do by using chemicals
e. provide important food for birds that control caterpillar
populationsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Tropical rain forests are dominated by ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsucculent plants
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbroadleaf evergreen plants
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbroadleaf deciduous plants
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconiferous evergreen plants
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsaltwateradapted plants
According to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a welldesigned____ can reduce
synthetic pesticide use and pest control costs by 50–65%, without reducing crop yields
and food quality.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYintegrated pest management program
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolyculture farm
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYorganic farm
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrop rotation program
e. natural predator habitat restoration programHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhy has effectively combating the spread of
malaria become more challenging since the 1970s?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAntimalarial drugs cost too much to be used
widely in the lessdeveloped countries where malaria infections are widespread.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDuring this century, the average atmospheric
temperature had risen, thus causing populations of malariacarrying mosquitoes to
spread from tropical areas to warmer temperate areas of the earth.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe vaccine that can prevent this disease is
expensive.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe parasite infects and destroys its victim’s
red blood cells, causing intense fever, chills, drenching sweats, severe abdominal pain,
vomiting, headaches, and increased susceptibility to other diseases.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMost species of the Anopheles mosquito have
become genetically resistant to most insecticides and the Plasmodium parasites have
become genetically resistant to common antimalarial drugs.
What has increased the annual reliable runoff available for our use by nearly 33%?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsustainable water use practices
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdams
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaquifers
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrip irrigation
e. water conservation subsidiesHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The international illegal trade in wildlife brings in an average of ____.
a. $600,000 per year
b. $1.8 million per hour
c. $1.1 million per year
d. $500,000 per hour
e. $100 million per year
The recycling of plastic bottles to make fleece fabric for clothing is a type of secondary
recycling.
a. True
b. False
Decisions about how to best use and preserve national resources in a democracy are
often complicated by the many ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcorporations
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYvoters
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecial interest groups
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolitical parties
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcompeting policies
Surfacelevel ocean currents are caused by ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdense ocean water sinking
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcool ocean water rising
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarm ocean water exchanging with cool ocean
water
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprevailing winds blowing over the ocean
surface and the Coriolis effect
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYupwelling near the equator and downwelling
near the poles
In the United States, rapid and destabilizing change is curbed by a system of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYregulations
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpunitive laws
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolitical discourse
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolicy implementation
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchecks and balances
The use of dams, reservoirs, and water transfer projects has increased threats from
flooding in some cases.
a. True
b. False
Family planning, economic opportunities for women, and schooling for girls generally
produces a higher birth rate.
a. True
b. False
Establishing international treaties that ban the transfer of potentially harmful species
from one country to another is a good way to control ____.
a. overexploitation
b. poaching
c. population growth
d. habitat fragmentation
e. invasive species
Economic downturns such as the one between 2008 and 2012 have led to increases in
CO2 emissions.
a. True
b. False
Farmers use alley cropping with nearly level row patterns around hills to prevent soil
erosion.
a. True
b. False
Sustainability is the capacity of the earth’s natural system and human cultural systems
to survive, flourish, and adapt to changing environmental conditions in the very
longterm future.
a. True
b. False
Laboratorybred mice and rats are widely used for toxicity studies because their systems
function generally similar to human systems.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe prices on hybrid, plugin hybrid, and
allelectric cars are high because of the high cost of their ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbatteries
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtechnology
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfuel cells
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproduction
e. ultralight and ultrastrong composite materialsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Hydropower has a low net energy yield.
a. True
b. False
The prevailing winds are generated by ____.
a. the heating of the ozone layer
b. variation in the input of solar radiation as you move east or west along a line of
latitude
c. surface currents
d. major surface winds that blow almost continuously to help distribute heat and
moisture over earth's surface
e. the gravitational attraction of the moon
Some large herbivores in the African tropical savannas have developed niches through
____ eating habits that ____ competition for vegetation.
a. specialized; increase
b. specialized; minimize
c. generalized; increase
d. generalized; minimize
e. similar; facilitate
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is the primary reason that coal is a
relatively cheap way to produce electricity?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCoal reserves are large.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMost of the harmful environmental and health
costs of coal are not included in the market price.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCoal is less expensive to extract coal than any
of the fossil fuels.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCoal provides more energy per dollar for
electrical generation.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMany government subsidies and tax incentives
are already in place for coal.
What is the main problem with the Ogallala, the world’s largest aquifer that is located in
the U.S.?
a. government subsidies
b. it is essentially a onetime deposit of liquid natural capital with a very slow rate of
recharge
c. land subsidence
d. pollution
e. overirrigation
The 500,000 surfacemined sites that dot the U.S. landscape are usually cleaned up and
restored because it is required by law.
a. True
b. False
Brazil’s vast ____________________ Basin contains more than 40% of the world’s
remaining tropical forests.
Clearly describe how affluence can have both harmful and beneficial environmental
effects.
Preserving wild species for tourists rather than for hunters may provide more revenue
for a country through ____________________.
Assume for the sake of discussion that you had been considering the purchase of an
offroad vehicle for recreational use. Now that you have studied this chapter and are
familiar with some of the issues of human disturbance of ecosystems, will this change
your thinking? Explain why or why not.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
How does the overall environmental impact of the United States compare to China?
Discuss how governments can encourage reusing and recycling.
____________________ involves using natural or genetically engineered plants to
absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from polluted soil and water.
A single, identifiable source of pollution is called a(n) ____________________.
marble
The manipulation of certain natural conditions to help counter our enhancement of the
greenhouse effect is known as ____________________.
Some predators hide in plain sight before ambushing their prey by virtue of their
____________________.
In nearly one in five death in the U.S., ____________________ plays an important role
in heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of cancer.
The troposphere and stratosphere are layers of the ____________________.
If you take a driving vacation to Mexico and then return to the United States in your
car, you will be stopped at the border by U.S. agents who will ask if you are carrying
any plants or animals. If you have any native plants with soil, these could be
confiscated. What is the benefit to this process?
Alley cropping, agroforestry and terracing are all methods that help reduce
____________________.
____________________ involves the provision of education and clinical services that
can help couples to choose how many children to have and when to have them.
How does resource use per person in the United States compare to China?
Government ____________________ keep the price of water so low that users do not
worry about wasting water.
____________________ is a colorless gas used in foam insulation and can cause
irritation of the eyes, throat, skin, and lungs.
____________________ allows the earth to hold onto its atmosphere and helps to
enable the movement and cycling of chemicals through air, water, soil, and organisms.
