Billions of dollars in real money are exchanged for virtual goods used in social games.
Once a culture is established it doesn’t change. An apparent change in a culture is
simply the emergence of a new culture.
Americans over age 50 are the focus of almost 50 percent of advertising.
The most radical of the innovation change forms is called a discontinuous innovation
because it creates major changes in the way we live.
Marketers have identified the key values of seniors. One of these is severing the
connections with friends and family so that seniors can feel free of restraints.
Stimulus generalization can create a halo effect.
A free recall test of a sample of potential customers would involve showing ads one at a
time and asking each respondent if she had seen it before.
Jamie is considering ordering a dessert for lunch. Before she decides on the kind she
prefers, she must decide whether to get a fattening or nonfattening dessert. This
decision relates to which of the following levels of abstraction of dessert categories?
A) superordinate level
B) ordinate level
C) subordinate level
D) basic level
According to the sociological tradition of ________, relationships with other people
play a large part in forming the self.
A) self-image congruence
B) self-completion theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) body cathexis
As manufacturing costs decrease and the amount of products that people accumulate
goes up, consumers increasingly want to buy things that will provide ________ value.
A) hedonic
B) Gestalt
C) embedded
D) referent
Processing information from more than one medium at a time is known as ________.
A) multitasking
B) perceptual hyperactivity
C) perceptual chunking
D) interactive attention
________ are characteristics and behaviors that people stereotypically associate with
one gender or the other.
A) Androgynous traits
B) Sex-typed traits
C) Sexual dimporhic markers
D) Body dysmorphias
The tipping point most likely occurs just towards the end of the adoption stage for the
________.
A) innovators
B) early adopters
C) early majority
D) mass connectors
Lifestyle, attributes, competitors, and quality are all dimensions marketers can use to
carve out a brand’s ________ in the marketplace.
A) sensory signature
B) position
C) priming
D) trade dress
________ refers to the possession of both masculine and feminine traits.
A) Heterosexuality
B) Homosexuality
C) Dysmorphia
D) Androgyny
Japan is a very tightly knit culture with rich history and social identification. In this
culture, people tend to infer meanings that go beyond the spoken word. This classifies
Japan as a ________ culture.
A) high-context
B) low-context
C) progressive
D) paradigm
Most messages merely present one or more positive attributes about a product or
reasons to buy it. Which of the following best describes this approach to
communicating a message?
A) supportive arguments
B) countervailing arguments
C) refutational arguments
D) direct arguments
A sociometric network analysis is likely to study all of the following EXCEPT which
one?
A) referral behavior
B) the use of surrogate consumers
C) the tie strength between members of a network
D) communication in social systems
Which of the following best explains why marketers view teens as
“consumers-in-training”?
A) Teenagers have little influence on their families’ purchase decisions, but they
carefully watch and model the consumer behavior of their parents.
B) Marketers typically do not begin targeting consumers until they are teenagers.
C) Teenagers have little discretionary income, so they have few opportunities to make
independent purchase decisions.
D) Teenagers often develop brand loyalty during their adolescence, committing to a
brand and continuing to purchase it for decades to come.
If a consumer admires the qualities of another person and copies his or her behaviors,
the person that is copied is said to have ________ power.
A) referent
B) informational
C) legitimate
D) coercive
John wants to teach his dog to do tricks such as ‘sit up,” “roll over,” and “fetch a stick.”
By systematically rewarding his dog for responding in the correct way, John is able to
accomplish great progress over a 30-day period. John was able to teach his dog using
which of the following learning processes?
A) classical conditioning
B) instrumental conditioning
C) stimulation conditioning
D) extinction conditioning
Through the process of ________, objects associated with sacred events or people
become sacred in their own right.
A) congregation
B) reciprocity
C) desacralization
D) contamination
The pressure to conform that escalates as more and more group members “cave in” is
called the ________ effect.
A) polarization
B) bandwagon
C) loafing
D) homophily
Family branding, licensing, and look-alike packaging are all marketing strategies based
on ________.
A) stimulus generalization
B) the spacing effect
C) stimulus discrimination
D) extinction
Discuss the extended self and provide a description for each level of the extended self.
A customer searching for an SUV is trying to decide what to buy. She decides to limit
her options by using the following strategy. First, the car must be a Honda or a Toyota
because the customer believes that they have the highest quality. Second, the vehicle
cannot cost more than $30,000 or get less than 10 miles per gallon. Third, the remaining
vehicles’ interiors, comfort, and instrument panel will be judged by giving each a score
and summing them. The SUVs that are left, with the highest summed scores, will be
selected for an intensive test drive. What type of decision rules was this customer
proposing to use? There will be more than one rule used.
Why isn’t the behavioral change associated with breaking a bone typically considered to
be learning?
Most researchers agree that an attitude has three components. List and briefly describe
those three components.
Characterize the straight rebuy, the modified rebuy, and the new task decision in
organizational purchasing. Provide an example of each.
Compare and contrast sacred and profane consumption.
How strongly or weakly a consumer is committed to a specific attitude relates to the
level of involvement he or she has with the attitude object (Ao). Describe the strength
of commitment involved in each of the following and give an example:
-Compliance
-Identification
-Internalization
Some people have been offended when marketers refer to an event such as the Super
Bowl as a sacred event. They believe that business people are being disrespectful.
Explain how the concept of sacred in consumer behavior is both the same and different
from the concept of sacred in a traditional religious context.