Linear programming seeks to optimally allocate resources among competing activities
and is likely the best known optimization model.
The WebFOCUS BI platform in the Travel and Transport case study decreased clients’
reliance on the IT function when seeking system reports.
No matter the topology or architecture of a neural network, they all use the same
algorithm to adjust weights during training.
The most complex problems solved by neural networks require one or more hidden
layers for increased accuracy.
Rule-based systems have their roots in artificial intelligence.
It is possible to use prescriptive tools for Web analytics to describe current Web site use
comprehensively.
Computerized support is only used for organizational decisions that are responses to
external pressures, not for taking advantage of opportunities.
Expert systems (ES) are computer-based information systems that use expert
knowledge to attain high-level decision performance in a narrowly defined problem
domain.
When training a data mining model, the testing dataset is always larger than the training
dataset.
Generally, making a search engine more efficient makes it less effective.
In the FEMA case study, the BureauNet software was the primary reason behind the
increased speed and relevance of the reports FEMA employees received.
The “islands of data” problem in the 1980s describes the phenomenon of unconnected
data being stored in numerous locations within an organization.
Most business decision rules are the same across industries.
The data warehousing maturity model consists of six stages: prenatal, infant, child,
teenager, adult, and sage.
Hadoop was designed to handle petabytes and extabytes of data distributed over
multiple nodes in parallel.
In steady-state plant control design, time-independent simulation would be appropriate.
Actionable intelligence is the primary goal of modern-day Business Intelligence (BI)
systems vs. historical reporting that characterized Management Information Systems
(MIS).
Knowledge management systems are little help to companies when experts leave and
take their knowledge with them.
The data storage component of a business reporting system builds the various reports
and hosts them for, or disseminates them to users. It also provides notification,
annotation, collaboration, and other services.
Single decision makers rarely face decisions with multiple objectives in organizations
and so are not the focus of data analytics tools.
Decentralization, the need for specialized skills, and immediacy of output are all
attributes of Web publishing when compared to industrial publishing.
Discrete events and agent-based models are usually used for middle or low levels of
abstraction.
With the balanced scorecard approach, the entire focus is on measuring and managing
specific financial goals based on the organization’s strategy.
Oklahoma Gas & Electric employs a two-layer information architecture involving data
warehouse and improved and expanded integration.
The ETL process in data warehousing usually takes up a small portion of the time in a
data-centric project.
Tacit knowledge is described as formal, structured knowledge that is well documented.
The hub-and-spoke data warehouse model uses a centralized warehouse feeding
dependent data marts.
Clickstream analysis does not need users to enter their perceptions of the Web site or
other feedback directly to be useful in determining their preferences.
When telling a story during a presentation, it is best to avoid describing hurdles that
your character must overcome, to avoid souring the mood.
For best results when deploying visual analytics environments, focus only on power
users and management to get the best return on your investment.
Text analytics is the subset of text mining that handles information retrieval and
extraction, plus data mining.
When a problem has many attributes that impact the classification of different patterns,
decision trees may be a useful approach.
Using data mining on data about imports and exports can help to detect tax avoidance
and money laundering.
A data warehouse can support the intelligence phase of decision making by
continuously monitoring both internal and external information, looking for early signs
of problems and opportunities through a Web-based enterprise information portal or
dashboard.
Data is the contextualization of information, that is, information set in context.
An example of declarative knowledge is understanding why a medical therapy works.
In estimating the accuracy of data mining (or other) classification models, the true
positive rate is
A) the ratio of correctly classified positives divided by the total positive count.
B) the ratio of correctly classified negatives divided by the total negative count.
C) the ratio of correctly classified positives divided by the sum of correctly classified
positives and incorrectly classified positives.
D) the ratio of correctly classified positives divided by the sum of correctly classified
positives and incorrectly classified negatives.
Which of the following is an advantage of simulation?
A) It always results in optimal solutions.
B) It can incorporate significant real-life complexity.
C) It solves problems in one pass with no iterations.
D) Simulation software requires special skills.
Why do analytics applications have the effect of redistributing power among managers?
A) The more information and analysis managers have, the more power they possess.
B) Sponsoring an analytics system automatically confers power to a manager.
C) New analytics applications change managers’ job expectations.
D) New analytics systems lead to new budget allocations, resulting in increased power.
A newly popular unit of data in the Big Data era is the petabyte (PB), which is
A) 109 bytes.
B) 1012 bytes.
C) 1015 bytes.
D) 1018 bytes.
Big Data employs ________ processing techniques and nonrelational data storage
capabilities in order to process unstructured and semistructured data.
All of the following are challenges associated with natural language processing
EXCEPT
A) dividing up a text into individual words in English.
B) understanding the context in which something is said.
C) distinguishing between words that have more than one meaning.
D) recognizing typographical or grammatical errors in texts.
Web mining is exactly the same as Web analytics: the analysis of Web site usage data.
In data mining, finding an affinity of two products to be commonly together in a
shopping cart is known as
A) association rule mining.
B) cluster analysis.
C) decision trees.
D) artificial neural networks.
During which stage of the KMS cycle is knowledge made available to intended users?
A) the managing knowledge stage
B) the disseminating knowledge stage
C) the refining knowledge stage
D) the storing knowledge stage
How does blind search differ from optimization?
A) Blind search cannot result in optimal solutions whereas optimization methods do.
B) Blind search usually does not conclude in one step like some optimization methods.
C) Blind search is usually a more efficient problem solving approach than optimization.
D) Blind search represents a guided approach while optimization is unguided.
Which type of question does visual analytics seeks to answer?
A) Why did it happen?
B) What happened yesterday?
C) What is happening today?
D) When did it happen?
Which Big Data approach promotes efficiency, lower cost, and better performance by
processing jobs in a shared, centrally managed pool of IT resources?
A) in-memory analytics
B) in-database analytics
C) grid computing
D) appliances
For those executives who do not have the time to go through lengthy reports, the best
alternative is the
A) last page of the report.
B) raw data that informed the report.
C) executive summary.
D) charts in the report.
How is objectivity handled in sentiment analysis?
A) It is ignored because it does not appear in customer sentiment.
B) It is incorporated as a type of sentiment.
C) It is clarified with the customer who expressed it.
D) It is identified and removed as facts are not sentiment.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of knowledge engineering?
A) knowledge consolidation
B) knowledge representation
C) knowledge acquisition
D) knowledge validation
In the student retention case study, of the four data mining methods used, which was the
most accurate?
A) ANN
B) DT(C5)
C) SVM
D) LR
What is the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) designed to handle?
A) unstructured and semistructured relational data
B) unstructured and semistructured non-relational data
C) structured and semistructured relational data
D) structured and semistructured non-relational data
Using data to understand customers/clients and business operations to sustain and foster
growth and profitability is
A) easier with the advent of BI and Big Data.
B) essentially the same now as it has always been.
C) an increasingly challenging task for today’s enterprises.
D) now completely automated with no human intervention required.
Which broad area of data mining applications partitions a collection of objects into
natural groupings with similar features?
A) associations
B) visualization
C) classification
D) clustering
According to a study by Merrill Lynch and Gartner, what percentage of all corporate
data is captured and stored in some sort of unstructured form?
A) 15%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) 85%
What is the fundamental challenge of dashboard design?
A) ensuring that users across the organization have access to it
B) ensuring that the organization has the appropriate hardware onsite to support it
C) ensuring that the organization has access to the latest web browsers
D) ensuring that the required information is shown clearly on a single screen
All of the following statements about balanced scorecards and dashboards are true
EXCEPT
A) scorecards are less preferred at operational and tactical levels.
B) dashboards would be the preferred choice to monitor production quality.
C) scorecards are best for real-time tracking of a marketing campaign.
D) scorecards are preferred for tracking the achievement of strategic goals.
What class of DSS incorporates simulation and optimization?
A) model-driven DSS
B) data-driven DSS
C) communications-driven/Group DSS
D) knowledge-driven DSS
The data mining algorithm type used for classification somewhat resembling the
biological neural networks in the human brain is
A) association rule mining.
B) cluster analysis.
C) decision trees.
D) artificial neural networks.
In the Big Data and Analytics in Politics case study, what was the analytic system
output or goal?
A) census data
B) assessment of sentiment
C) voter mobilization
D) group clustering
Which kind of data warehouse is created separately from the enterprise data warehouse
by a department and not reliant on it for updates?
A) sectional data mart
B) public data mart
C) independent data mart
D) volatile data mart
Business environments and government requirements are becoming more complex. All
of the following actions to manage this complexity would be appropriate EXCEPT
A) hiring more sophisticated and computer-savvy managers.
B) deploying more sophisticated tools and technique.
C) seeking new ways to avoid government compliance.
D) avoiding expensive trial and error to find out what works.
When you tell a story in a presentation, all of the following are true EXCEPT
A) a story should make sense and order out of a lot of background noise.
B) a well-told story should have no need for subsequent discussion.
C) stories and their lessons should be easy to remember.
D) the outcome and reasons for it should be clear at the end of your story.
Which of the following statements about Big Data is true?
A) Data chunks are stored in different locations on one computer.
B) Hadoop is a type of processor used to process Big Data applications.
C) MapReduce is a storage filing system.
D) Pure Big Data systems do not involve fault tolerance.
Which approach to data warehouse integration focuses more on sharing process
functionality than data across systems?
A) extraction, transformation, and load
B) enterprise application integration
C) enterprise information integration
D) enterprise function integration
Business intelligence (BI) can be characterized as a transformation of
A) data to information to decisions to actions.
B) Big Data to data to information to decisions.
C) actions to decisions to feedback to information.
D) data to processing to information to actions.
Which of the following is the best example of asynchronous communication?
A) multimedia presentation system
B) teleconference
C) videoconference
D) e-mail
How does an expert system differ from conventional systems?
A) Changes in an expert system are tedious to make.
B) The expert system operates only when it is complete.
C) Expert systems handle qualitative data easily.
D) Execution of expert system programs is algorithmic or step-by-step.
In a visual interactive simulation (VIS), ________ models display systems that evolve
over time, and the evolution is represented by animation.
The fraud ________ analytic application helps determine fraudulent events and take
action.
In the American Airlines case study, the modeling used for contract bidding could best
be described as decision making under ________.
How do the traditional location-based analytic techniques using geocoding of
organizational locations and consumers hamper the organizations in understanding “true
location-based” impacts?
The two fundamental approaches to knowledge management are the process approach
and the practice approach. Explain the differences between them.
________ models operate on the premise that, when in a charged state, a speaker has a
higher probability of using specific words, exclamations, or phrases in a particular
order.
Performance dashboards enable ________ operations that allow the users to view
underlying data sources and obtain more detail.
A genetic algorithm is an iterative procedure that represents its candidate solutions as
strings of genes called ________ and measures their viability with a fitness function.
There are several basic information system architectures that can be used for data
warehousing. What are they?
Describe, with examples, the two basic ideas most experts agree that artificial
intelligence (AI) is concerned with.
________ is a collection of specialized facts, procedures, and judgment usually
expressed as rules.
The role responsible for successful administration and management of a data warehouse
is the ________, who should be familiar with high-performance software, hardware,
and networking technologies, and also possesses solid business insight.
The accumulation, transfer, and transformation of problem-solving expertise from
experts or documented knowledge sources to a computer program for constructing or
expanding the knowledge base is known as ________.
How is a general Hopfield network represented architecturally?
ADSs can lead in many cases to improved customer ________ (e.g., responding faster
to queries).
More data, coming in faster and requiring immediate conversion into decisions, means
that organizations are confronting the need for real-time data warehousing (RDW).
How would you define real-time data warehousing?
The Watson Question Answering computing platform uses machine ________ to
acquire vast amounts of new medical knowledge.