When President Obama took office in January 2009, he pledged to pursue an
expansionary fiscal policy to try to pull the economy out of the recession. The next
month, Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a $840
billion package of ________ that was the largest fiscal policy action in U.S. history.
A) spending increases and tax cuts
B) interest rate reductions and increases in the money supply
C) treasury bond purchases and mortgage-backed securities purchases
D) commercial and investment bank bailouts
Suppose the cross-price elasticity of demand between grapefruit juice and orange juice
is approximately 6. What does this mean?
A) A 1 percent decrease in the price of grapefruit juice leads to a 6 percent increase in
orange juice consumption.
B) A 6 percent increase in the price of grapefruit juice leads to a 1 percent increase in
orange juice consumption.
C) If the price of grapefruit juice rises by $1, 6 more cartons of orange juice will be
purchased.
D) The demand for orange juice is 6 times more than the demand for grapefruit juice.
Article Summary. Although growing at only half the average rate following the
seven previous recessions, consumer spending has increased 9 percent since the
end of the 2007-2009 recession, and consumer confidence has been on the rise as