The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts
a. treated sexual harassment as a form of discrimination.
b. upheld seniority over affirmative action.
c. upheld the legality of hiring quotas.
d. upheld the legality of mandatory drug testing.
Answer:
William F. Baxter addresses environmental ethics by noting
a. the best ethical position to adopt on environmental issues is a naturalistic position.
b. non-human animals have intrinsic value.
c. judgments about environmental problems ought to be people-oriented.
d. damage to geological “marvels” is inherently wrong and should be prevented.
Answer:
A historical view indicates which of the following is correct?
a. Statistical evidence is irrelevant to proving discrimination.
b. Women and blacks are sometimes victimized by stereotypes.
c. The idea that women may have difficulties fitting into a “male” work environment is
outdated.
d. On average women earn between 1/3 and 1/2 of what men make for doing the very
same work.
Answer:
Employers have the right to fire an employee who performs inadequately, but they
should do so
a. as painlessly as possible.
b. with vengeance.
c. in a public display so all can learn.
d. in humiliation.
Answer:
According to Shaw and Barry, companies clearly have what kind of obligation to
provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?
a. legal
b. moral
c. environmental
d. personal
Answer:
Mill justified utilitarianism from rival perspectives when he argued
a. that without utilitarianism to provide a determinate standard of justice, one is always
left with a plethora of competing principles of justice, all of which seem to have
plausibility but are mutually incompatible.
b. that social utility is irrelevant to issues of justice.
c. against worker participation.
d. that only utilitarianism itself, as a normative theory, can provide an answer to the
question: What economic system will bring more good to society than any other
system?
Answer:
There are two legal types of sexual harassment:
a. male to female, female to male.
b. male to male, female to female.
c. boss to worker, worker to boss.
d. “quid pro quo” and “hostile work environment.”
Answer:
How many Americans believe that “if you work hard enough, you’ll make it?”
a. One out of two.
b. One out of three.
c. One out of four.
d. One out of five.
Answer:
Which of the following accurately reflects the concept of Marxism?
a. It is only within a capitalist economic system that workers are not alienated from the
products of their labor.
b. Only workers who are poorly paid for their labor are alienated.
c. Within a capitalist economic system, the activity of labor is an end in itself and, as a
result, has intrinsic value.
d. Labor is alienated in a capitalist economic system (in part) because the labor of a
worker stands opposed to the worker as an autonomous power.
Answer:
Insider trading is
a. the buying or selling of stocks (or other financial securities) by business “insiders” on
the basis of information that has not yet been made public and is likely to affect the
price of the stock.
b. a corporate merger.
c. knowing when to make the best buy.
d. giving great advice on a deal.
Answer:
According to the legal doctrine of strict product liability,
a. the producer of a product is responsible for any injury the consumer suffers.
b. consumers must assume all risk whenever they buy a product.
c. product liability presupposes negligence by more than one party.
d. a manufacturer need not be negligent to be held liable for a defective product.
Answer:
The Donald Wohlgemuth case shows that
a. trade secrets can be patented.
b. trade secrets often become an integral part of an employee’s total job skills and
capabilities.
c. employees need to divest themselves of any skill acquired while handling trade
secrets.
d. “noncompete” or “nondisclosure” contracts are always legally valid.
Answer:
An ecosystem
a. should never be tampered with.
b. can survive any human intervention.
c. can be upset by human behavior.
d. is independent of all other ecosystems.
Answer:
In the 1997 case of U.S. v. Hagan, the Supreme Court found that Hagan
a. had been discriminated against because of whistle blowing.
b. was innocent of insider trading.
c. violated the FCPA despite never having gone overseas.
d. had misappropriated confidential information.
Answer:
To the libertarians, their concept of liberty includes a commitment to
a. hedonism.
b. charity.
c. private property.
d. happiness.
Answer:
According to Professor Norman Bowie, which of the following factors is relevant to
determining the morality of blowing the whistle?
a. the whistle blower’s motive
b. whether internal channels have been exhausted
c. whether the whistle blowing has some chance of success
d. all of these choices
Answer:
Many economists are concerned that the growing trade deficit makes the U.S.
vulnerable to
a. terrorist attacks.
b. depression.
c. ease.
d. economic extortion.
Answer:
Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR
affirmative action?
a. It evens the score with young white men, who have had it good for too long.
b. It is necessary to break the cycle that keeps minorities and women locked into
low-paying, low-prestige jobs.
c. It ignores the principle of equality.
d. It is a color-blind policy.
Answer:
Which of these is a valid reason for not hiring a potential employee?
a. The person is overqualified.
b. There’s a gap in the person’s unemployment history.
c. The person dresses poorly.
d. The person has a lack of experience.
Answer:
If you adopt ethical egoism as your moral code, then
a. you can never act honestly or be gracious or helpful to others.
b. you must endorse hedonism.
c. you must always avoid any unpleasant or painful experiences.
d. you believe that it is morally right to do whatever promotes your self-interest.
Answer:
According to David Ewing,
a. the corporate invasion of employees’ civil rights is rampant.
b. sympathetic strikes ought to be made illegal.
c. employers have the right to fill the positions of striking workers with other workers.
d. seniority ought not be a factor in making transfers or promotions.
Answer:
What criteria concerning moral judgments should we agree with?
a. As long as your conduct is legal, then it will be moral.
b. If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.
c. Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to
human welfare.
d. If your conduct follows the guidelines of professional codes of ethics, it will be
moral.
Answer:
The veil of ignorance assures us that people in the original position will be
a. difficult to come to agreement.
b. impartial.
c. biased.
d. forgiving.
Answer:
According to Mill’s utilitarianism,
a. rights are certain moral rules whose observance is of the utmost importance for the
long-run, overall maximization of happiness.
b. there are no rights.
c. the rights possessed by human beings remain unchanged for all times and places.
d. rights are those rules that a majority of the society would agree to behind the “veil of
ignorance.”
Answer:
What quality is more important in predicting who gets fired than job-performance
ratings or even prior disciplinary history?
a. race
b. sexual orientation
c. age
d. gender
Answer:
From John Stuart Mill’s viewpoint,
a. philosophical concern with justice began in the 19th century.
b. questions of morality form a subset of questions of justice.
c. for utilitarians, justice is a moral standard independent of the principle of utility.
d. not every issue of social utility was a matter of justice.
Answer:
From John Stuart Mill’s viewpoint,
a. philosophical concern with justice began in the 19th century.
b. questions of morality form a subset of questions of justice.
c. for utilitarians, justice is a moral standard independent of the principle of utility.
d. not every issue of social utility was a matter of justice.
Answer:
A basic premise of Adam Smith’s invisible hand argument is
a. human beings try to avoid acquisitive behavior.
b. when people are left to pursue their own economic interests, disaster looms.
c. the division of labor, though good for the firm, reduces overall efficiency.
d. We often get what we want from others by offering something they need from us.
Answer:
Fill in the blank. Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of
affirmative action but also find that ____ benefits when they make themselves more
diverse?
a. the morale of the company c. the law department
b. the bottom line d. the managers
Answer:
Caveat emptor means
a. strict product liability
b. due care
c. let the buyer beware
d. the customer and manufacturer meet as equals
Answer:
Which statement has the proper perspective about drug testing?
a. Due process need not be followed by a business implementing a drug-testing
program for its employees.
b. The government has always opposed testing Federal employees for cocaine and other
illicit drugs.
c. Drug testing can only be defensible when it is really pertinent to employee
performance and when there is a lot at stake.
d. Informed consent need not be observed by a business implementing a drug testing
program for its employees.
Answer:
Some writers deny that employees have any obligation of loyalty to the company,
because
a. companies are not the kind of things that are properly objects of loyalty.
b. you cannot trust anyone.
c. it’s every man for himself.
d. companies just aren’t the same any more.
Answer:
The terms “best, finest, and most” are examples of
a. puffery.
b. psychological appeals.
c. truth in advertising.
d. trust building statements.
Answer:
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
a. doesn’t apply to countries where bribery is common.
b. is alleged by its critics to put American companies at a disadvantage.
c. carefully distinguishes bribery from extortion payments.
d. outlaws “grease payments”.
Answer:
In Nozick’s example of Wilt Chamberlain, he argues that other theories of economic
justice inevitably fail to respect people’s
a. liberty.
b. power of choice.
c. skills.
d. height.
Answer:
Property ownership involves a generally complex bundle of rights and rules governing
how, under what circumstances, and in what ways both the owner and others can use,
possess, dispose of, and have access to the thing in question.
Answer:
Businesses often claim polygraphs are a fast and economical way to verify the
information provided by a job applicant.
Answer:
According to libertarianism, liberty is the prime value, and justice consists in being free
from the interference of others.
Answer:
Outsourcing is a practice where companies buy parts or whole products from other
producers, both at home and abroad.
Answer:
In a handful of American cities local ordinances prohibit discrimination against those
who are short or overweight.
Answer:
Companies that in years past were identified with making goods of all sorts now are
likely to produce only the package and the label.
Answer:
According to John Rawls, people in the original position do not know what social
position or status they hold in society.
Answer:
“Affirmative action” refers to programs taking the race and sex of employees and job
candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that
exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in the larger
society.
Answer:
Strict product liability is the doctrine that the seller of a product has legal
responsibilities to compensate the user of that product for injuries suffered due to a
defective aspect of the product, even if the seller has not been negligent in permitting
that defect to exist.
Answer:
Insider trading is the buying or selling of stocks by insiders on the basis of information
attained by an “insider” that has not yet been made public and is likely to affect the
price of the stock.
Answer:
Outsourcing is a practice where companies buy parts or whole products from other
producers, both at home and abroad.
Answer:
Thanks to changes in the tax system, in recent years income in the United States has
become more equal.
Answer:
A supererogatory act is an act that would be good to do, but not doing it is not wrong.
Answer:
For utilitarians, justice is an independent moral standard distinct from their general
principle.
Answer:
Labor historians generally consider the Knights of Labor (K of L), established in 1869,
as the first truly national trade union.
Answer:
According to John Stuart Mill, what makes capitalism a desirable economic system is
the type of worker-capitalist relationship inherent in capitalism.
Answer:
Employees have a legal right to refuse to work when it exposes them to imminent
danger.
Answer: